Ukuntu ikiziga c'umugore w'umukuru w'igihugu canyurujwe kikaza gutorwa haciye imyaka 16

Kugabisha: Iyi nkuru irimwo ibintu bishobora kubabaza canke guhungabanya bamwe mu bayisoma.

Uwo mugore w'umukuru w'igihugu w'Argentine yamamaye cane, Eva Perón, yapfuye muri Mukakaro (7) 1952. Haciye imyaka 60, BBC yarasubiriye kwihweza ivyabaye ku kiziga ciwe, ukuntu cabuzwe irengero mu buryo bw'amayobera n'ukuntu cazungurutse irya n'ino kw'isi mu kiringo c'imyaka 16.

Inyuma y'amasaha make Eva Perón apfuye, ku wa 26 Mukakaro 1952, umuganga Pedro Ara yaciye atangura igikorwa ciwe. Uwo muganga w'Umunya Espagne yari rurangiranwa mu bijanye no gutunganya ibiziga, akaba yari yahawe igikorwa co gutegura umubiri w'uwo mugore kugira ntuzokwononekare, nk'uko Abarusiya bari bashinguye ibisigarira vya Lenin na Stalin.

Ikiziga ca Evita, nk'uko yakunda kwitwa, cabitswe mu nyubakwa y'ubushikiranganji bw'abakozi, ahari hategekanijwe kwubakwa icibutso c'abakozi, munsi yaco hakaba hari gushirwa isandugu y'ibirahuri, icari kuba ikibanza ciwe ca nyuma co kuruhukiramwo.

Ariko haciye imyaka itatu, muri Nyakanga (9) 1955, umugabo wiwe, Perezida Juan Perón, yakuwe ku butegetsi ahiritswe n'abasirikare, aca aja mu buhungiro. Ubutegetsi bushasha bwafashe ingingo yo kwiba ikiziga ca Eva Perón, bituma hatangura urugendo ruteye ubwoba rw'imyaka 16.

Ikiziga ciwe carashinguwe mu kigo c'iperereza rya gisirikare, kirabikwa mu modoka, kirahambwa i Milan mu Butaliyano, mu nyuma kirajanwa i Madrid muri Espagne, imbere y'uko gisubizwa i Buenos Aires, aho cahavuye gihambwa mu mva ikingiwe cane.

Eva Perón yapfuye ahitanywe na kansere y'urwinjiriro rw'igitereko, afise imyaka 33. Umugabo wiwe yari afise imvo za politike zo gutuma ikiziga ciwe kibikwa neza. Kuba yari yakomotse mu muryango w'abanyagihugu b'abakene bo mu turere two hagati mu gihugu, hamwe n'ibikorwa vyiwe vyo gufasha abakene igihe yari umugore w'umukuru w'igihugu, vyari vyatumye akundwa cane n'abakozi hamwe n'abanyagihugu batobato.

Flavia Fiorucci, umuhinga mu vya kahise, yabwiye BBC mu 2012 ati: « Ni co gituma yashaka kubungabunga iryo ragi, mu kubungabunga ikiziga ciwe".

Abandanya agira ati: Vyari bifitaniye isano kandi n'akamaro Perón canke umugambwe wiwe baha ibimenyetso canke ivyibutso, kandi Evita yari icibutso. »

Ivyo vyaragaragaye neza mu ndwi zakurikiye urupfu rwiwe. Dr Ara yashoboye gushingura ikiziga ca Evita ku buryo casa n'umuntu akiri muzima, akoresheje uburyo bwo gutera mu mubiri umuti urimwo paraffine na glycerine.

Abantu imiriyoni zibiri baragiye kuraba ico kiziga aho cari kubera, mu kiringo c'iminsi 14, cari ahantu hagaragara. Urukundo n'icubahiro abantu bari bafitiye Evita akiriho vyarabandanije n'inyuma y'urupfu rwiwe.

Ikimenyetso ca politike cari mu kiziga ca Evita ni co catumye umubiri wiwe utangura urugendo rurerure kandi rutagira umurongo rwamze imyaka 16. Igihe Perón yakurwa ku butegetsi mu 1955, ubutegetsi bw'igitugu bwari burongowe na Jenerale Pedro Aramburu bwari bugamije gukuraho ikintu cose gifitaniye isano na Peronism. Kandi bwatinya ko ikiziga ciwe coshobora guhinduka ikimenyetso c'abarwanya ubutegetsi.

Lt Col Carlos Moori Koenig, yari arongoye Urwego rw'iperereza ry'igisirikare, yagumye yimurira ikiziga ciwe ahantu hatandukanye i Buenos Aires, atinya ko abayoboke ba Perón bagerageza kuza kugitora.

Biranavugwa ko ikiziga ca Evita cigeze kunyegezwa mu modoka yari iparitse mu mabarabara y'umurwa mukuru, inyuma y'aho berekanira cinema, ndetse no mu nyubako z'amazi muri ico gisagara - kandi aho cajanwa hose haragaragara amashurwe n'ibimuri.

Igarukanwa ry'ikiziga

Fiorucci yibaza ko kuba igisirikare ari co cari catumye ikiziga ca Evita kiburwa irengero vyatumye kirushiriza kwamamara no kuba ikimenyetso c'inguvu nyinshi. Ati: « Umubabaro bateye ikiziga ca Evita wari ikimenyetso c'uwo bateye abanyagihugu batobato. »

Mu 1971, ubutegetsi bushasha bwari bufise intumbero yo gusubiza Argentine ku mushinge w'intwaro ya demokarasi, bugabanya ingingo zari zarafatiwe abayoboke ba Peronism, bwongera bwemera gusubiza ikiziga ca Evita Juan Perón.

Casubijwe kiri mw'isandugu y'ifeza, gishikizwa mu nzu nini yari ku nkengera za Madrid (muri Espagne), aho uwahoze ari umutegetsi w'igitugu yari yarahungiye ari kumwe n'umugore wiwe wa gatatu, Isabel.

Carlos Spadoni, ico gihe yari umuntu wa hafi wa Juan Perón, ari mu bantu ba mbere babonye ico kiziga.

Mu 2012 yabwiye BBC ati: « Jenerale Perón, uwakurikirana imirima hamwe na jewe ni twebwe twakuye ikiziga mw'isandugu". Abandanya ati: "Twaciye tugiterura tugishira ku meza yari yubakishijwe amabuye ya marbre, amaboko yacu aca asigara yuzuye ivyondo. Vyasaba ko ikiziga kibanza kwozwa. Isabel ni we yacogeje akoresheje agahuzu k'ipampa n'amazi. Nta kindi yakoresheje. Yabikoze mu bwitonzi nta ngere. Isabel yarasokoje n'imishatsi ya Evita y'umuhondo. Yari miremire, kandi yarayisukuye buhoro buhoro akoresheje ikimamara, hanyuma arayumisha akoresheje akuma karekura umuyaga. »

Inyuma y'aho, harakwiragiye ibihuha vyinshi bijanye n'ibintazi aho uwahoze ari umushikiranganji, José López Rega, yavugwa ko yemera ibijanye n'ubupfumu ngo yoba yabwiye Isabel kuryama iruhande y'ikiziga ca Eva Perón kugira ngo ububasha bwiwe budasanzwe mu vya politike bumwimukiremwo.

Ivyo ngo vyari bifatiye ku kuntu abayoboke b'idini nka bose bakunda kandi bakubaha Eva Perón. Uwo mukobwa yahoze avyina mu bibanza vy'imyidagaduro, mu nyuma akaduga ku butegetsi ari kumwe n'umugabo wiwe, yahavuye aba umuyobozi wo mu vy'impwemu ku bamwemera. Kuri bo, ikiziga ciwe cari gifise agaciro kameze nk'ak'ikintu ceranda, n'ubwo abatari bashigikiye Peronism bo bamwanka cane.

Juan Perón yasubiye ku butegetsi muri Argentine mu 1973, Isabel aba icegera ciwe. N'ubwo bo bari bagarutse, ikiziga ca Evita cagumye muri Espagne. Ariko Juan amaze gupfa giturumbuka mu 1974, ca kiziga cahavuye kigarukanwa i Buenos Aires.

Domingo Tellechea yari yicaye mu kabare ko ku murwa mukuru igihe haza abantu kumusaba ko yofasha mu gutunganya ibisigarira vy'ikiziga ca Evita. Yabwiye BBC mu 2012 ati: « Hinjiye abagabo babiri bambaye impuzu zirabura. Baruguruye imiryango, baratwitegereza. Ivyo vyari biteje akaga na rirya muri iyo minsi abantu baguma bafatwa bakaburwa irengero, ntibasubire kuboneka. »

Tellechea yari umuhinga mu gusanasana ibihimba vy'ivya kera harimwo n'ibisigarira vy'abantu. Mu nyuma yasanze abo bagabo babiri bari abashoferi. Baciye bamujana kuraba Oscar Ivanissevich, uwahoze ari umuganga wa Eva Perón. Yamubwiye ati: « Turafise igikorwa tugushakako. Utegerezwa gusubiza ikiziga ca Eva Perón uko cari. »

Tellechea yaravyemeye, n'ubwo yari azi ingorane zari gushobora kumushikira. Ati: « Gukora ico gikorwa vyasigura ko nishize mu ruhande rutandukanye n'abantu batumye ikiziga kibura, kandi bari bipfuza ko Evita atosubira kuboneka. Nari nzi ko ivyo vyoshobora kunzanira ingorane. »

Yongeyeko ati: « Naratewe ubwoba, barampamagara kuri telefone bankangisha kungirira nabi, ndetse baturira n'imodoka yanje. »

Uwo muhinga mu gusubiza ibintu uko vyahoze yahavuye ahunga, kuko ubugizi bwa nabi n'ihohotera vya reta vyari bimaze kuba ibintu bisanzwe muri Argentine ku butegetsi bwakurikiranye.

Ariko impera n'imperuka, Evita yahavuye ahambanwa iteka mu kwezi kwa Gitugutu (10)1976. Abantu bake gusa ni bo bashoboye kwitaba ifubwa ryiwe. Iyo mva yarakomejwe cane kugira ibisigarira vyiwe ntibize bisubire kunyuruzwa.

Ni imva y'amabuye ya marbre, ifise ubwinjiriro bw'ibanga mu butaka uja mu kuzimu, ahantu hari icumba kitagaragara. Muri ico cumba na ho nyene hari urundi rugi rwihishije rumanuka mu kindi cumba, aho isandugu yiwe ishinguwe.