Ni gute Elon Musk na Jeff Bezos batera inkunga irushanwa ryabo riberekeza mu isanzure?

Mu myaka irenga makumyabiri ishize, abaherwe bakize cyane ku isi batangiye gukurikira inzozi zabo zo kohereza abantu mu ngendo z'ubucuruzi bwite mu isanzure. Ariko izo nzozi zaje guhinduka irushanwa hagati y'umuherwe Elon Musk binyuze muri sosiyete ye ya SpaceX n'umuherwe Jeff Bezos binyuze muri sosiyete ye ya Blue Origin.

Iri rushanwa ryarushijeho gukomera vuba aha nyuma y'aho ikigo cy'ubucuruzi cya Elon Musk, SpaceX, cyashyizwe ahagaragara ku isoko ry'imari n'imigabane rya New York, kikaba kimwe mu bigo bikomeye ku isoko ry'imari n'imigabane. Hagati aho, undu muherwe washinze Amazon, Jeff Bezos, nawe yatangaje ko agurisha imigabane ya Amazon ifite agaciro ka miliyari imwe y'amadolari buri mwaka kugira ngo atere inkunga ikigo cye, Blue Origin.

Inzozi zo "gushaka isanzure rishya," nk'uko bamwe babivuga zigamije gufasha abajya mu isanzure gukoresha ingendo zihendutse zijya, zatangiye mu 2000 ubwo umuherwe Jeff Bezos yashingaga Blue Origin.

Nyuma y'imyaka ibiri gusa, umuherwe Elon Musk, umuyobozi mukuru akaba n'umwe mu bashinze ikigo kinini cy'imodoka zikoresha amashanyarazi cya Tesla, yashinze SpaceX kugira ngo ibe ari yo ihangana na Blue Origin.

Iterambere rikomeye

Uru rwego rurimo gutera imbere cyane bitewe n'uko abakire bo ku isi barushaho gukenera ibyo bita "ubukerarugendo bwo mu isanzure", hiyongereyeho iterambere ryihuse ry'ikoranabuhanga mu bijyanye n'ibisasu bya roketi bishobora kongera gukoreshwa mu minsi ishize.

Uru rwego kandi rurimo kwiyongera bitewe n'ubwiyongere bw'ibikorwa by'ubucuruzi mu bijyanye n'zi ngendo buherutse kwiyongera. Agaciro k'isoko ry'uru rwego karimo kuzamuka ubu kakaba karageze kuri miliyari 1.95 z'amadolari y'Amerika mu 2025, nk'uko ikigo cy'ubushakashatsi ku isoko cya SNS Insider kibitangaza.

Urubuga rwa interineti rwa SNS Insider rwavuze ko agaciro k'ubukerarugendo bwo mu isanzure ku isoko kazazamuka kakagera kuri miliyari 87.32 z'amadolari mu 2035.

Agaciro k'ibigo byose bikorera muri uru rwego mu 2023 kageze kuri miliyoni 888.3 z'amadolari y'Amerika, ibi bikaba bigaragaza ko iki gipimo cy'iterambere cyikubye kabiri y'i giciro mu myaka itatu.

Gutsindwa kenshi

Nubwo hari iterambere ringana ritya, inzira iri imbere kuri Elon Musk, Jeff Bezos, n'abo bahanganye mu kugera ku nzozi z'ubukerarugendo bwo mu isanzure, aba baherwe bose bahanganye n'ikibazo gikomeye kigaragazwa no kunanirwa kw'ibizamini byo kurasa roketi zikora ingendo.

Roketi ya Starship V3, yatangijwe na SpaceX ku tariki 22 z'ukwezi kwa Gatanu, yananiwe kugera ku ihanurwa ryayo nkuko byari byateganyijwe maze igwa mu nyanja y'ubuhinde. Indi roketi ya Starship yaturitse muri Mata (3) 2023, iminota mike nyuma yo kuva ku isi.

Nanone, indi roketi ya SpaceX yaturitse mu kwezi kwa cyenda 2016 ubwo yakubitaga kuri sitasiyo ya gisirikare y'isanzure ya Cape Canaveral muri Florida, muri Amerika, ubwo yageragezwaga mbere y'uko yoherezwa mu isanzure mu buryo buteganijwe.

Mu kwezi kwa gatandatu 2015, roketi yoherejwe na SpaceX yananiwe kurangiza ubutumwa bw'imizigo bwa NASA.

Mu kwezi kwa gatanu gushize, roketi ya New Glenn yoherezwaga mu isanzure na kompanyi ya Jeff Bezos yitwa Blue Origin yaturikiye mu igeragezwa rya moteri kuri sitasiyo ya gisirikare y'isanzure ya Cape Canaveral.

Iyo roketi, yari ifite uburebure bwa metero 100, yaturitse mu gihe cy'igeragezwa rya moteri mu rwego rwo kwitegurira ubutumwa bwo kohereza ibyogajuru 49 mu kirere kugira ngo byongere serivisi za interineti za Amazon. Ubwo butumwa bwari buteganijwe gutangirana n'iraswa ry'iyo roketi tariki 4 mu kwezi kwa gatandatu.

Umunyemari utunze tiriali

Mbere na mbere, Elon Musk na Jeff Bezos bishingikirizaga ku mitungo yabo bwite mu gutera inkunga SpaceX na Blue Origin. Ariko, Elon Musk yahinduye ubuzima gatoyi bw'ikigo cye, agihindura kuva ku kigo cyigenga aba sosiyete icuruza ku mugaragaro, cyashyizwe ku isoko ry'imari n'imigabane rya New York uyu mwaka, bikurura abantu benshi bashishikajwe n'amasoko y'imari ku isi bitewe n'uko ikigo cyagize imari nyinshi ku isoko nyuma y'inguzanyo ya IPO.

Isoko rya mbere rya SpaceX (IPO) ryatangajwe kw'itariki ya 15 Nyakanga(7). Igiciro cy'imigabane cya sosiyete cyarenze igiciro cyayo cya IPO ku nshuro ya mbere muri iki cyumweru, kizamuka hafi 4% kigera ku madolari 135. Iri zamuka ryaje nyuma y'itangazwa rya raporo y'inyungu ya mbere y'iyi sosiyete, aho yagaragaje ko yinjije miliyari 7.81 z'amadolari mu gihembwe cya kabiri cy'uyu mwaka, irenga ibyo isoko ryari ryitezweho miliyari 6.93 z'amadolari.

Iyi sosiyete yashyizwe ku isoko ry'imigabane muri Amerika nyuma yo gushyirwa mu gipimo cy'ikoranabuhanga rya Nasdaq 100 mu kwezi kwa Nyakanga(7) gushize, igiciro cyayo cyongereye agaciro k'isoko ry'iyi sosiyete ku kigero cya miliyari 75 z'amadolari, bigeza agaciro kayo kuri miliari 2 z'amadolari.

Elon Musk afite hafi 42%, ni ukuvuga miliyari 767.1 z'amadolari, bimugira umuntu ukomeye mu nama y'ubutegetsi kandi agira uruhare mu byemezo byayo, nk'uko Bloomberg ibivuga. Musk kandi yabaye umuherwe wa mbere mu mateka nyuma yo kongera aya mafaranga menshi mu mutungo we bwite.

Hagati aho, Jeff Bezos, nyiri Blue Origin, yatanze itangazo rigaragaza aho ikigo cye gitera inkunga ubukerarugendo bwo mu kirere. Nk'uko Reuters ibitangaza, Bezos yagaragaje ko agurisha imigabane ya Amazon ifite agaciro ka miliyari imwe y'amadolari buri mwaka kugira ngo atere inkunga igerageza n'ubushakashatsi bigamije gutangiza ingendo z'ubucuruzi zihendutse mu kirere. Ibi ni bimwe mu bikorwa bye byo gushyira mu bikorwa gahunda yo gukoresha ingendo zo mu kirere z'iminota 11 bitarenze umwaka utaha.

Bezos yavuze ko ubucuruzi bw'indege zo mu kirere bw'ubucuruzi bw'ikigo cye ari "akazi k'ingenzi cyane" yakoze, ashimangira ko abibona mu "reba igihe kirekire" kandi ko yibanda ku "ejo hazaza h'abantu inyuma y'umubumbe w'isi."

Ku itariki ya 4 Kanama, Bezos yatangaje ko ashaka kugurisha imigabane miliyoni 15 y'umutungo we wa Amazon kuri miliyari 4.1 z'amadolari. Ibi byakurikiye izamuka rikomeye ry'igiciro cy'imigabane cy'iki kigo cy'ubucuruzi cyo muri Amerika, byatumye imari yacyo ku isoko irenga tiriyari 3 z'amadolari.

Abandi bahatana

Irushanwa ntirigarukira kuri SpaceX na Blue Origin gusa. Hari n'abandi bakorera ku ntego imwe: kohereza ingendo z'ibyogajuru zihendutse mu isanzure.

Umwe mu bahanganye cyane ni umuherwe w'Umwongereza Richard Branson abinyujije muri sosiyete ye ya Virgin Galactic. Kugeza ubu, sosiyete imaze gutwara abantu batanu mu isanzure mu ngendo ebyiri z'igerageza.

Iyi kompanyi iteganya gukora izindi ngendo ebyiri zo kugerageza mu isanzure mbere yo gutwara uwayishinze, Richard Branson.

Ishoramari rya Virgin ku isoko ringana na miliyoni 498.02 z'amadolari, kandi imigabane yaryo yamaze kugaragara ku gipimo cy'isoko ry'imigabane rya Amerika.

Axiom Space ikomeje kandi guteza imbere uburyo bwo gushyigikira abahanga mu by'ikirere n'ingendo z'ubukerarugendo bwo mu kirere, bishimangira ishingiro ry'ubukerarugendo bwo mu isanzure bushingiye kuri sitasiyo zigenga, nk'uko Fortune Bens Insight ibivuga.

Boeing yongereye ubufatanye bwayo mu ikoranabuhanga ry'isanzure rikoreshwa n'abantu n'ikoranabuhanga ryo gutura mu isanzure, mu rwego rwo gushyigikira ubukerarugendo bw'igihe kirekire mu isanzure no mu bikorwa by'ubucuruzi byo mu isanzure.