Yadda saƙonnin ƙarya a kafofin sadarwa ke janyo hantarar ƴan ci-rani a Libya

Ahmed Nour, Rowan Ings

BBC Arabic da BBC Global Disinformation

Wani bayani ɗaya tal da aka wallafa a shafukan sada zumunta ya haifar da ruɗani da bayanan karya kan ƴan ci-rani da kuma hukumomin Majalisar Dinkin Duniya a Libya a watan Yuni, kamar yadda binciken BBC ya gano.

A ranar 3 ga watan Yuni, wani shafin sada zumunta a dandalin X daga Masar ya wallafa wani rubutu da ke iƙirarin cewa hukumar ƴan gudun hijira ta Majalisar Dinkin Duniya (UNHCR) ta "sanar da cewa an tsugunar da baƙin haure ƴan Afirka 850,000 cikin al'ummar Libya". Bayanin ba gaskiya ba ne.

Binciken BBC kan ɗaruruwan saƙonnin shafukan sada zumunta daga watan Yunin 2026 ya gano cewa an yaɗa iƙirarin a lokaci guda a Libya, Masar da Tunisiya, wanda shafuka da dama wadanda ba a tantance sahihancinsu ba suka yi ta yadawa.

Hukumar UNHCR ta musanta iƙirarin da aka yi a hukumance, inda ta bayyana shi a matsayin "ƙarya tsagwaronta".

Cikin kwana ɗaya, masu zanga-zanga sun taru a wajen hedikwatar UNHCR da ke Tripoli, suka mamaye harabar, suka kafa sansani, sannan suka tara buhunan yashi a ƙofar shiga ginin. Sun yi ta maimaita iƙirarin na ƙarya da aka yada a intanet tare da bukatar hukumar ta fice daga ƙasar.

Hukumar UNHCR ta ce bayanan karya game da shirin tsugunar da bakin haure a Libya ya haifar da tashin hankali a harabar Majalisar Dinkin Duniya, ciki har da fadace-fadace a Tripoli da kuma birnin Zawiya da ke yammacin kasar.

Wannan al'amari na daga cikin misalai na baya-bayan nan a ƙasashen Arewacin Afirka inda bayanai marasa tushe game da ƴan ci-rani suka haifar da tashin-tashina a zahiri. Ana danganta irin wannan iƙirarin da tuɗaɗar baƙin haure daga Moroko zuwa yankin Ceuta na Spain a makon da ya gabata.

A cikin makonnin da suka biyo baya, baƙin haure da masu neman mafaka a Libya sun bayar da rahoton ƙaruwar hare-hare da cin zarafi da ake yi musu.

Maryam Ali (ba sunanta na gaskiya ba), wata ƴar jarida ƴar asalin ƙasar Sudan wadda ke neman mafaka a Libya ta shaida wa BBC cewa duk wata alaƙa da UNHCR yanzu tana sanya baƙi cikin haɗari.

"Katin da hukumar UNHCR ke bayarwa wanda ake tsammanin zai samar mana da kariya, kuma shi ne mataki na farko na samun ingantacciyar rayuwa gare mu da iyalanmu, yanzu yana jefa mu cikin haɗarin ƙarin tashin hankali," in ji wani dan Sudan mai neman mafaka a Libya, Ahmed Hassan (ba sunansa na ainihi ba), kamar yadda ya shaida wa BBC.

Katin UNHCR takardar shaidar hukuma ce da hukumar ke bayarwa ga ƴan gudun hijira da masu neman mafaka.

Ahmed ya shaida wa BBC cewa a cikin ƴan makonnin nan, jami'ai da ƴan kasar Libya sun kai wa baƙi hari a Tripoli inda yake yanzu, a kan tituna, a wuraren aikinsu, har ma da gidajensu.

"Muna cikin tsoro a duk inda muka je," in ji shi.

Libya ƙasa ce da take zama tamkar wurin zuwa ko kuma zango ga ƴan ci-rani masu son tsallakawa Turai. Hukumar Kula da 'Yan Gudun Hijira ta Duniya (IOM) ta ƙiyasta cewa sama da baƙi 930,000 ne suka isa Libya a farkon shekarar 2026, galibinsu daga Sudan, Najeriya, Masar da Chadi.

Bayanan Majalisar Dinkin Duniya sun nuna cewa akwai ƴan gudun hijira da masu neman mafaka sama da 112,000, mafi yawansu daga Sudan, waɗanda rikicin da ke ci gaba da faruwa ya raba su da muhallansu.

Hukumomi a Gabashi da Yammacin Libya sun sanar da jerin matakan dakile bakin haure tun farkon watan Yuni, ciki har da kamawa, tsarewa da korar su.

Majalisar Wakilai da ke Gabashin Libya ta fitar da wata sanarwa da ke nuna ƙin amincewa da "tsugunar da baƙin haure ba bisa ƙa'ida ba a Libya". Gwamnatin Hadin Kan Kasa da ke Tripoli ta kuma yi watsi da ra'ayin "matsugunin" bakin haure a Libya.

BBC ta tuntubi Ma'aikatar Harkokin Cikin Gida da ke Tripoli. Kakakinsu ya ƙi cewa komai.

Ba mu yarda da tsugunarwa ba

Nadege Lahmar, wata mai bincike a Libya ta ƙungiyar Amnesty International ta bayyana cewa wannan ikirarin wani ɓangare ne na wani babban shiri da aka yi wa laƙabi da "Ba mu yarda da tsugunarwa ba" a faɗin ƙasashen Arewacin Afirka.

"Shirin 'Ba mu yarda da tsugunarwa ba' ya samu karɓuwa a faɗin Arewacin Afirka tun daga shekarar 2023," in ji ta. "Amma zanga-zanga mai girma irin wannan a kan cibiyoyin Majalisar Dinkin Duniya da kuma yin tir da hukumomin Majalisar Dinkin Duniya saboda rawar da suke takawa a cikin yarjejeniyar da ba a yi amfani da ita ba, wani sabon al'amari ne."

Lahmar ta lura cewa ta ga ana amfani da wannan kalmar a Tunisiya, Maroko, Aljeriya da Masar.

Ta ce akwai tunanin cewa "duk wani goyon baya ko amincewa da wani hakkin baƙi tamkar tallafa wa batun tsugunar da su ne."

Amma "tallafin jin kai ba lallai ne taimaka wa wani ne ya tare a wata ƙasa ba," in ji ta.

Bin diddigin saƙonnin ƙarya a yanar gizo

BBC ta tuntubi Thuraya Twebi don jin ta bakinta. Ta bayyana cewa ikirarin tsugunarwar ya dogara ne da fahimtar da ta yi wa wasu bayanan hukumomin IOM da UNHCR, ciki har da Rahoton Shekara-shekara na UNHCR a Libya na 2024 wanda ya ce: "A Libya, gwamnati ta haɗa da wani ƙaramin rukunin ƴan ci-rani da ƴan gudun hijira a cikin ƙidayar ƙasa ta 2024."

Twebi ta fassara shigar da 'yan cirani da 'yan gudun hijira a cikin ƙidayar jama'a, a matsayin nufin "tsugunar" da baƙi a Libya.

Ta kuma ambato wata doka ta ƙasar Libya, wadda ta samar da matakan hana tsugunar da baƙi a ƙasar, wanda hakan ya haramta shigowar baƙi ba bisa ƙa'ida ba, kuma ta ce neman a yi gyara ga dokar na nufin cewa wata alama ce ta cewa Majalisar Dinkin Duniya na da niyyar tsugunar da ƴan gudun hijira. Twebi ta shaida wa BBC cewa tana cikin masu hanƙoron ganin ba a tsugunar da baƙi a ƙasar ba amma ta ce "ba ta cikin masu yada labaran ƙarya".

A cewar rahoton shekara-shekara na hukumar UNHCR na 2024," a Libya, gwamnati ta haɗa da wani ƙaramin rukuni na ƴan gudun hijira a cikin ƙidayar ƙasa ta 2024. Ƙidaya wani muhimmin mataki ne na fahimtar buƙatun al'umma, ciki har da ƴan gudun hijira, da baƙi da kuma ƴan ƙasa."

Babu wata shaida da ke nuna cewa sanya 'yan ƙasashen waje a cikin ƙidayar jama'a na nufin Majalisar Dinkin Duniya tana tsugunar da 'yan cirani a Libya.

Rahoton Majalisar Dinkin Duniya ya bayyana cewa hadawa da baƙi a kidayar "mataki ne mai mahimmanci wajen fahimtar buƙatun ƙungiyoyi daban-daban, ciki har da 'yan gudun hijira da baƙi da kuma ƴan ƙasa."

Daga nan sai aka wallafa bidiyon hirar Twebi ta wani shafin X wanda aka riƙa walafawa sau da dama cikin kwana daya, kuma da alama yana goyon bayan gwamnatin Masar.

Shafin ya ci gaba da nanata bayanan na ƙarya da ke cikin hirar ga kusan mabiyansa 13,000, wanda hakan ya kara yaɗa zargin a faɗin yankin.

BBC ba ta iya tantance asalin mai shafin ba. Haka nan shafin na ci gaba da aiki kuma yana ci gaba da yada saƙonni. Ita ma hirar Twebi tana nan a shafin.

BBC ta nemi jin ta-bakin kamfanin X kan waɗannan bayanan ƙarya da aka riƙa yadawa a shafin, amma hukumomin ba su ce komai ba.

Bincikenmu ya nuna cewa an yaɗa iƙirarin ne ta shafukan mutane da ke zaune a ƙasashen Masar, Tunisiya da Libya, wanda ya kai ga aƙalla masu amfani da shafin miliyan ɗaya.

Yawancin shafukan da ke yada labarin sun yi kama da na rashin gaskiya, inda aka riƙa samar da saƙonni masu kama da juna ta shafuka daban-daban.

A shafin Facebook, BBC ta gano abin da ya yi kama da wata ƙungiyar masu shafukan bogi a intanet da ke yada kalaman batanci game da bakin haure, wata ɗaya gabanin zanga-zangar.

Sun yada bidiyon zanga-zangar sannan suka ci gaba da yaɗa saƙonnin ƙin jinin baƙi.

Shafukan sun riƙa ƙarfafa gwiwar masu zanga-zangar, inda ɗaya daga cikinsu ya wallafa a ranar 3 ga watan Yuni: "Gobe, za a yi babbar zanga-zanga a Al-Saraj, kuma duk mutane za su yi adawa da ƴan Afirka."

BBC ta gano cewa akwai alamu da dama da ke nuna cewa akwai rashin gaskiya a cikin tsarin. An ƙirƙiri shafuka 34 daga cikin 40 cikin kwanaki shida tsakanin 2 zuwa 7 ga watan Mayun 2026, wanda ke nuna cewa an kunna su ne su yi aiki lokaci ɗaya. Shafukan sun kuma yi amfani da hotuna iri ɗaya a matsayin hotunan masu shafin sannan sun riƙa yada saƙonni iri ɗaya.

A cikin wannan ɗan gajeren lokaci, waɗannan sabbin shafukan da aka ƙirƙira sun kai ga mabiya miliyan 1.46.

Kamfanin Meta, wanda ke da Facebook, ya ce yana da tawagogi ta masu sanya ido kan halin da ake ciki a Libya a kowane lokaci na rana, sannan yakan cire abubuwan da suka saɓa da manufofinsa, ciki har da bayanan da ba su dace ba da abubuwan da za su iya haifar da tashin hankali ga ƴan cirani, da ma'aikatan agaji da ma'aikatan Majalisar Dinkin Duniya.

Kamfanin ya ce yana binciken shafukan da BBC ta gano. Meta ya cire shafuka 11 daga cikin wadanda BBC ta bankaɗo bayan da BBC ɗin ta tuntuɓe shi.

Yayin da labaran ƙarya ke yaɗuwa a intanet, masu neman mafaka suna ci gaba da fuskantar tashin hankali a shafukan na intanet.

Amna, wata uwa ce ƴar asalin ƙasar Sudan wadda ta rasa ɗaya daga cikin ƴaƴanta sakamakon tashin hankali a kan hanyar Sudan zuwa Libya a shekarar 2024.

Ta shaida wa BBC cewa an kai mata hari ne saboda matsayinta ta mai neman mafaka.

Ta ce samari shida sun afka gidan da ita da ɗanta mai shekaru 12 ke zaune. Sun yi wa dukkansu duka, suka cire mayafinta da ƙarfi suka kuma yaga rigarta, in ji ta. Daga nan sai mutanen suka bincike gidan, suka samu katin da hukumar UNHCR ta bai wa mijinta da na ɗanta, suka yage takardun biyu, suka kuma kwashe ɗan kudi ƙalilan da suke amfani da su da kuma wayar salula da ɗanta ke amfani da ita.

"Ɗana ya yi matuƙar baƙin ciki da ganin yadda aka yi min tsirara kuma aka yi mini duka," kamar yadda ta shaida wa BBC. "Ga shi ƙarami ne kuma ba shi da ikon dakatar da abin da ke faruwa."

Mun yi amfani da ƙirƙirarriyar basira wajen fassara wannan labari daga harshen Ingilishi. Ma’aikacin BBC ya sake duba labarin kafin a wallafa. Karanta ƙarin bayani kan yadda muke amfani da fasahar AI.