Catchphrase 2002 - Wythnos 70

Week 70, Monday.  Today we’ll learn:
cafodd e ei anfon, cafodd e ei bostio, postio, e-bost, e-bostio, cyflenwyr, pennaeth

Remember that e and hi, as well as meaning he and she can also mean it.  Let’s look at some masculine words to begin.  Cafodd e ei gario - this could mean (he was carried), or it was carried.  Cafodd y bag ei gario - (the bag was carried).  Let’s take another masculine noun: e-bost.  It’s the Welsh for e-mail.  Cafodd yr e-bost ei anfon - (the e-mail was sent).  Cafodd e ei anfon - (it was sent).  You could also ask a question: gafodd yr e-bost ei anfon? - (was the e-mail sent?)  Gafodd e ei anfon? - (was it sent?).  You can also look out for the verb e-bostio - (to e-mail).  And simply postio - (to post).  Cyflenwyr are suppliers.  Y pennaeth is the person in charge, the head person.  If you remember, they’ve received a new order at Guto’s work from a company called Millers.  Guto’s asking about progress.

Listen to the dialogue 
Guto - Sut mae’r contract newydd yn mynd, Bethan?
Bethan - Mae popeth yn iawn, Guto.  Paid â phoeni.  Dw i wedi trefnu popeth.
Guto - Dw i’n falch o glywed.  Ond beth am yr e-bost pwysig ’na i’r pennaeth?
Bethan - Cafodd e ei anfon ddydd Gwener.
Guto - O.  A’r llythyr i’r cyflenwyr?
Bethan - Cafodd e ei ysgrifennu ddydd Iau a’i bostio ddydd Gwener.
Guto - Mae popeth YN iawn te?
Bethan - Ydy.
Guto - Wel, pam cafodd Phil Huws ei e-bostio gan Millers y bore ’ma yn gofyn beth oedd yn bod?

Sut mae’r contract newydd yn mynd? - (how’s the new contract going?) Bethan can do without Guto interfering.  Mae popeth yn iawn - (everything’s fine).  Paid â phoeni - (don’t worry).  Dw i wedi trefnu popeth - (I’ve sorted everything out).  Dw i’n falch o glywed - (I’m glad to hear).  Ond beth am yr e-bost pwysig ’na i’r pennaeth? - (but what about that important e-mail to the boss?)  Cafodd e ei anfon ddydd Gwener - (it was sent on Friday).  A’r llythyr i’r cyflenwyr? - (and the letter to the suppliers?)  Llythyr is a masculine word, so Bethan answers cafodd e ei ysgrifennu ddydd Iau a’i bostio ddydd Gwener - (it was written on Thursday and posted on Friday).  Guto asks: pam cafodd Phil Huws ei e-bostio gan Millers y bore ’ma yn gofyn beth oedd yn bod? - (why was Phil Huws e-mailed by Millers this morning asking what was wrong?)  

Week 70, Tuesday.  Today we’ll learn
cafodd e ei fwyta, ennyd, llosgi, y gath, dathlu, pen-blwydd

Let’s look at some more examples of the passive with e when it means it.  Y llythyr - (the letter), is masculine, so how do you say the letter was sent?  Cafodd y llythyr ei anfon.  It was sent: cafodd e ei anfon.  Llosgi is a verb we haven’t heard yet.  It means to burn.  Y cig oen - (the lamb) - is masculine.  Cafodd y cig oen ei losgi - (the lamb was burnt).  Cafodd e ei losgi - (it was burnt).  The soft mutation of double L - ll is single L.  Bwyta, as you’ll remember, is the verb to eat, and bwyd is food.  It’s masculine.  Cafodd y bwyd ei fwyta - (the food was eaten).  Cafodd e ei fwyta - (it was eaten).  Some new vocabulary now.  We’ve heard the phrase pen-blwydd priodas before - it means wedding anniversay.  So pen-blwydd means anniversary.  It can also mean birthday.  When you have your birthday, ’dych chi’n dathlu eich pen-blwydd chi - (you celebrate your birthday).  Ennyd is a
word that means a moment or a while.  Dw i’n mynd i ymlacio am ennyd - (I’m going to relax for a moment).  Cath is the Welsh word for cat.  It’s feminine! - so the cat is y gath.  Catrin is taking a little time out of the daily grind at her mother-in-law’s.

Listen to the dialogue 
Glenys - Ydy popeth yn iawn gartre, Catrin?
Catrin - Gweddol, Mam.  Ond dw i’n falch o gael bod allan o’r ty am ennyd ac ymlacio, a dweud y gwir.  
Dw i’n gorfod gwneud popeth.  Cafodd llyfr Yncl Elwyn ei golli y bore ’ma, neu neithiwr.  Roedd pawb 
arall yn rhy brysur i chwilio amdano fe.  Wedyn cafodd ei facwn e ei losgi.  Doedd neb yn edrych arno 
fe.  Cafodd e ei fwyta gan y gath!
Glenys - Catrin druan!
Catrin - A dw i’n dathlu fy mhen-blwydd i ddydd Iau!

Ydy popeth yn iawn gartre?  Glenys asks - (is everything OK at home?)  Gweddol - (not too bad).   Ond dw i’n falch o gael bod allan o’r ty  - (but I’m glad to be out of the house).  Notice Catrin says yn falch o GAEL bod allan o’r ty - literally, glad to be allowed to be out of the house.  The verb cael meaning to be allowed to be is often inserted in this type of phrase.  Dw i’n falch o gael bod allan o’r ty am ennyd ac ymlacio - (I’m glad to be out of the house for a moment and relax) - a dweud y gwir - (to tell the truth).  Dw i’n gorfod gwneud popeth - (I’ve got to do everything).  Cafodd llyfr Yncl Elwyn ei golli y bore ’ma, neu neithiwr - (Uncle Elwyn’s book was lost this morning, or last night).  Roedd pawb arall yn rhy brysur i chwilio amdano fe - (everybody else was too busy to look for it).  Wedyn cafodd ei facwn e ei losgi - (then his bacon was burnt).  Doedd neb yn edrych arno fe - (nobody was watching it).  Cafodd e ei fwyta gan y gath - (it was eaten by the cat).  Catrin druan! - (poor Catrin!)  And to cap it all, Catrin says: dw i’n dathlu fy mhen-blwydd i ddydd Iau - (I’ve got my birthday on Thursday), dathlu - (to celebrate).  
 
Week 70, Wednesday.  Today we’ll learn
cafodd hi ei thorri, disgwyl, clirio, pa newydd

Now, what about feminine nouns, those we refer to as hi in Welsh?  Cafodd hi ei gweld could mean one of two things.  She was seen or it was seen, according to context.  The verb gwrthod, which means to refuse, can also mean to turn down.  So cafodd hi ei gwrthod could mean two things.  Either she was turned down or it was turned down.  Remember the antisceptic mutation applies to the verb.  This does not affect g, of course, only t, c and p.  Cafodd y gadair ei thorri - (the chair was broken).  Cafodd hi ei thorri - (it was broken).  Here’s a new verb for you, clirio - it simply means to clear.  Cafodd y ddesg ei chlirio - (the desk was cleared).  Cafodd hi ei chlirio - (it was cleared).  The word what in English can be both a noun and an adjective.  In Welsh, there are different words for these two roles.  You should be familiar with phrases like beth sy’n bod? - now - (what’s wrong?)  We’ve also had phrases like pa fath o...? - (what kind of?)  Here, what is an adjective: what KIND.  In Welsh, we say pa.  Pa FATH.  Newyddion is the Welsh word for news, and like news it’s a plural word.  In Welsh we sometimes use the singular as well to mean news.  For example in the phrase pa newydd? - (what news?)  Or what’s the news.  Rhys’ friend Dan is asking him over the phone what the news is about the job he’s hoping for at the local newspaper...

Listen to the dialogue 
Dan - Rhys, pa newydd am y swydd ’na?
Rhys - Cafodd hi ei chynnig i rywun arall.
Dan - I rywun arall?  O na...
Rhys - Ond cafodd hi ei gwrthod.
Dan - O?
Rhys - Do.  Gwrthododd e hi.  Mae ei rieni e eisiau swydd iddo fe gyda chwmni cyfreithwyr.  Felly, 
cafodd y swydd ei chynnig i mi.
Dan - Gwych!
Rhys - Dw i’n dechrau ddydd Llun.
Dan - Wyt ti’n edrych ymlaen?
Rhys - Ydw.  Cafodd fy nesg ei chlirio yn llwyr ddoe achos do’n i ddim yn disgwyl cael y swydd...

Pa newydd am y swydd ’na? - (what news of that job?)  It sounds disappointing initially.  Cafodd hi ei chynnig i rywun arall - swydd is a feminine word, so cafodd HI ei CHynnig i rywun arall - (it was offered to someone else).  Ond cafodd HI ei gwrthod - (but it was turned down).  Gwrthododd e hi - (he turned it down).  Mae ei rieni e eisiau swydd iddo fe gyda chwmni cyfreithwyr - (his parents want a job for him in a solicitors firm).  Felly, cafodd y swydd ei chynnig i mi - (so the job was offered to me).  Notice the word i, which means I or me in Welsh, changes to mi, and some people say fi after the preposition i.  I mi - (to me), or for me.  Gwych - (great)!  Dw i’n dechrau ddydd Llun - (I’m starting on Monday).  Wyt ti’n edrych ymlaen? - (are you looking forward to it?)  Ydw - (yes I am).  And here’s another feminine word coming up: desg.  It’s y ddesg - (the desk).  Cafodd fy nesg ei chlirio yn llwyr ddoe - (my desk was cleared completely yesterday) - achos do’n i ddim yn disgwyl cael y swydd - (because I wasn’t expecting to get the job). 

Week 70, Thursday.  Today we’ll learn
mwy neu lai, agor, yn ystod

Let’s have some more examples of the passive.  Remember that ei meaning her or it causes an h to be placed before words beginning with a vowel.  Take agor - (to open).  Ystafell - (room) - is a feminine word.  Cafodd yr ystafell ei hagor - (the room was opened).  Cafodd hi ei hagor - (it was opened).  Anrheg - (present) - is also a feminine word.  Cafodd yr anrheg ei hanfon - (the present was sent).  Cafodd hi ei hanfon - (it was sent).  A couple of new phrases.  Yn ystod means during.  Yn ystod yr wythnos - (during the week).  Mwy neu lai is, literally, more or less.  Notice neu causes the soft mutation.  It’s Catrin’s birthday, and Guto is looking pleased with himself in the office.

Listen to the dialogue 
Bethan - Pam mae golwg mor hapus arnat ti y bore ’ma, Guto?
Guto - Wel, pen-blwydd Catrin ydy hi.
Bethan - Wyt ti wedi prynu anrheg iddi hi?
Guto - Ydw yn ystod ein gwyliau ni.
Bethan - Ac agorodd hi anrheg y bore ’ma?
Guto - Do...  Wel, cafodd hi i hagor gan y babi, a dweud y gwir.
Bethan - Wyt ti’n mynd i wneud rhywbeth arbennig iddi hi?
Guto - Wel, cafodd y gegin ei glanhau iddi y bore ’ma.
Bethan - Guto!  Dyna’r cwbl?
Guto - Mwy neu lai...  Beth bynnag, rhaid i fi ffonio fy mam...

Pam mae golwg mor hapus arnat ti y bore ’ma? - (why do you look so happy this morning?) - Bethan asks Guto.  Literally, why is there such a happy look on you?  And the reason.  Pen-blwydd Catrin ydy hi - (it’s Catrin’s birthday).  Hi is the word for it here because that’s what you use in expressions for the weather and time.  He’s almost expressing Catrin’s birthday as a time or date.  Pen-blwydd Catrin ydy hi.  Wyt ti wedi prynu anrheg iddi hi? - (have you bought a present for her, or have you bought her a present?)  Ydw yn ystod ein gwyliau ni - (yes during our holidays).  Ac agorodd hi’r anrheg y bore ’ma? - (and she opened the present this morning?)  Cafodd hi ei hagor gan y babi, a dweud y gwir - (it was opened by the baby to tell the truth).  Bethan’s not impressed by Catrin’s birthday arrangements so far.  Wyt ti’n mynd i wneud rhywbeth arbennig iddi hi? - (are you going to do something special for her?)  Cafodd y gegin ei glanhau iddi hi y bore ’ma!  The kitchen was cleaned for her this morning!)  Glanhau - (to clean) - isn’t mutated because its the tcp mutation.  Dyna’r cwbl? - (is that the lot?)  Mwy neu lai - (more or less).  Beth bynnag, rhaid i fi ffonio fy mam - (anyway, I’ve got to phone my mam). 

Week 70, Friday.  Today we’ll learn
ystafelloedd, medrus, o fy mlaen i, drysau, prydiau

Nhw can refer to both people and things, just as they in English.  Cawson nhw eu glanhau - (they were cleaned).  Remember, eu meaning their does not cause a mutation, but it does add h to a following vowel.  Cawson nhw eu harestio - (they were arrested).  Cawson nhw eu harestio - (they were arrested).  In Welsh, even though there is a plural form of the verb for use with nhw, the singular form of the verb should be used with plural nouns.  For example, we say aethon nhw i’r parc - (they went to the park).  But aeth y plant i’r parc - (the children went to the park).  You have to remember this in the passive as well.  Cawson nhw eu harestio - (they were arrested).  But cafodd y dynion eu harestio - (the men were arrested).  It’s a bit like in Welsh you use the singular after numbers: dau gar - (two cars).  The plural sense is already present in the number.  Cawson nhw eu cludo i’r ysgol - (they were taken to school).  Cafodd y llyfrau eu cludo i’r ysgol - (the books were taken to school).  Cafodd y plant eu cludo i’r ysgol - (the children were taken to school).  Let’s have some plurals of words we already know.  Ystafelloedd is the plural of ystafell - (rooms).  Drysau is the plural of drws - (doors).  And prydau is the plural of pryd as in pryd o fwyd - (meals).  O fy mlaen i is a phrase meaning in front of me, or before me.  Mae fy mywyd i gyd o fy mlaen i - (my whole life’s in front of me).  Abl is an adjective meaning able or capable.  Mae Guto yn abl iawn - (Guto is very capable).  Catrin is over at her mother-in-law’s, Glenys, having a cup of coffee and discussing how her birthday went.

Listen to the dialogue 
Glenys - Gest ti ben-blwydd da, Catrin?
Catrin - Do, diolch.
Glenys - Beth wnaethon nhw i ti?
Catrin - O, cafodd popeth ei wneud.  Cafodd yr ystafelloedd eu glanhau, cafodd drysau eu hagor o fy 
mlaen i, cafodd y prydau i gyd eu gwneud i fi.  Ces i ginio gwych, rhaid i fi ddweud.  Dw i ddim yn siwr 
gan bwy cafodd e ei wneud, a dweud y giwr.  Dydy Guto ddim yn ddigon abl.

Gest ti ben-blwydd da?, Glenys asks Catrin: did you have a good birthday?  Do, diolch - (yes thanks).  Glenys wants to know how her family treated her.  Beth wnaethon nhw i ti? - (what did they do for you?)  Notice, this sentence could mean, what did they do TO you, as well, depending on context.  Cafodd popeth ei wneud - (everything was done).  Popeth is masculine singular, so there’s a soft mutation: ei wneud.  Cafodd yr ystfaelloedd eu glanhau - (the rooms were cleaned).  Cafodd drysau eu hagor o fy mlaen i - (doors were opened before me).  Cafodd y prydau i gyd eu gwneud i fi - (all the meals were made for me).  Ces i ginio gwych - (I had a terrific dinner), rhaid i fi ddweud - (I’ve got to say).  Dw i ddim yn siwr gan bwy cafodd e ei wneud - (I’m not sure by whom it was made), or, who it was made by.  Dydy Guto ddim yn ddigon abl - (Guto is not capable enough).  

6 questions to test yourself:

1.	Translate ‘the e-mail was sent’ into Welsh: 

	a)	cafodd yr e-bost ei anfon
	b)	cafodd yr e-bost ei ddarllen 
	c)	cafodd yr e-bost ei agor

2.	What’s the Welsh word for ‘suppliers’?: 

	a)	cyflenwyr
	b)	pennaeth
	c)	ysgrifennydd

3.	What’s the Welsh verb for ‘to burn’?:

	a)	  dathlu
	b)	  llosgi
	c)	  bwyta

4.	What’s the Welsh verb for ‘to clear’?:

	a)	disgwyl
	b)	clirio
	c)	gwrthod

5.	Translate ‘the present was sent’ into Welsh: 					

	a)	cafodd hi ei hagor
	b)	cafodd yr ystafell ei hagor
	c)	cafodd yr anrheg ei hanfon 

6.	Translate ‘they were taken to school’ into Welsh:

	a)	cafodd y plant eu cludo i’r ysgol
	b)	cawson nhw eu cludo i’r ysgol
	c)	cafodd y llyfrau eu cludo i’r ysgol