Catchphrase 2001 - ail gyfres: Wythnos 56

Week 56, Monday.  Today we’ll learn:
cyflym, cyflymach, y clyfyma, cynnar, cynharach, y cynhara, mwya, fwya, fe ydi’r cyflyma, neis, neisach, neisa

Last time we were looking at words like gorau, mwya, ucha and isa - they are all irregular.  This time we’ll look at some regular ones.  Let’s take the word cyflym - (quick).  Cyflymach is quicker.  The quickest is simply y cyflyma.  What could be simpler?  Let’s try it with another adjective.  Cynnar - (early).  Cynharach is earlier.  Y cynhara is the earliest.

These forms are almost always preceded by y or yr in Welsh.  You could also say yr un cynhara - (the earliest one).  If you want to say he is the earliest, you can’t use mae e.  You have to say Efe ydi’r cynhara - (he’s the earliest).  You’ll hear lots of examples of this word order this week, so you’ll have time to get used to it.  Here’s another adjective:  I don’t need to tell you what it means.  Neis.  You can turn it into a comparative the usual way.  Dw i’n hoffi’r ty ’ma, ond maer ty arall yn neisach - (I like this house but the other house is nicer).  Ond y ty ’na ydi’r neisa - (but that house is the nicest).  We know y mwya means the biggest or the most, depending on context.  This can change to fwya after verbs.  For example, pa un wyt ti’n hoffi fwya? - (which one do you like most?)  We’ve heard the word  - choice.  It can also be used as a verb: to choose.  Mae hi wedi dewis yr un gorau - (she’s chosen the best one).  Bethan and Guto’s life in the office is plagued by a faulty photocopier. 

Listen to the dialogue:
Bethan - Hei, Guto - mae Mr Huws wedi penderfynu prynu llungopiwr newydd!
Guto - Esgyrn Dafydd!  Beth nesa?
Bethan - Mae catalog gyda fi yma.  Edrycha.  Beth wyt ti’n feddwl? 
Guto - Hmm.  Dyna’r gorau.
Bethan - Pam?
Guto - Mae’n gyflym iawn - y cyflyma yn y catalog yma.
Bethan - Sut wyt ti’n gwybod?
Guto - Mae’n dweud, yma, edrych.
Bethan - Beth am hwn?  Hwn ydi’r neisa.
Guto - Ie, ond fydd e ddim yn ffitio.  Mae’n rhy fawr.  Mae eisiau un llai arnon ni.
Bethan - Wel, rhaid i FI ddewis.  Fi sy’n llungopio fwya!

Mae Mr Huws wedi penderfynu prynu llungopiwr newydd - (Mr Huws has decided to buy a new photocopier).  Esgyrn Dafydd - (good God).  Beth nesa - (what next?)  Mae catalog gyda fi yma - (I’ve got a catalogue here).  Edrycha - (look).  Beth wyt ti’n feddwl?  Guto thinks he knows straight away which one they should have.  Dyna’r gorau - (there’s the best one).  Bethan is not so sure.  Pam?  Mae’n gyflym iawn - (it’s very quick) - y cyflyma yn y catalog yma - (the fastest in this catalogue).  Sut wyt ti’n gwybod? - (how do you know?)  Mae’n dweud yma - (it says here).  Bethan is still not convinced.  Beth am hwn? - (what about this one).  Hwn ydi’r neisa - (it’s the nicest one).  Fydd e ddim yn ffitio, Guto tells her - (it won’t fit).  Mae’n rhy fawr - (it’s too big).  Mae eisiau un llai arnon ni - (we need a smaller one).   Bethan dismisses Guto’s expertise.  Rhaid i FI ddewis - (I’ve got to decide).  Fi sy’n llungopio fwya - (it’s me that does the most photocopying).

Week 11, Tuesday.  Today we’ll learn:
fe oedd y gorau, fe oedd y tala, rhoi’r gorau i

We’ll continue to practise adjectives.  Remember when you say that something is the best or is the quickest, you have to turn the normal word order around. You can’t use mae e’n or mae hi’n.  Fe ydi’r gorau - (he’s the best).  Fe ydi’r cyflyma - (he’s the quickest).  You can put these phrases into the past easily enough, by replacing ydy with oedd.  Fe oedd y gorau - (he was the best).  Fe oedd y cyflyma - (he was the quickest).   Let’s try another adjective: ifanc - (young).  Ifancach is younger, so ifanca is youngest.  Sian oedd ifanca’r teulu - (Sian was the youngest of the family).  One new phrase: rhoi’r gorau i - it sounds like it means to give the best, but it’s a colloquial phrase that actually means virtually the opposite: to give up - rhoi’r gorau i.  Rhoi’r gorau i rywbeth is to give something up.  Dw i wedi rhoi’r gorau i smygu - (I’ve given up smoking).  ’Dyn ni wedi rhoi’r gorau i sglodion - (we’ve given up chips).  Guto goes into the pub and finds his old friend Linda there.  Ond dydy hi ddim yn edrych yn hapus.  What’s the problem, I wonder?

Listen to the dialogue:
Guto - Linda, sut mae ers talwm?
Linda - O, gweddol diolch.  Dwyt ti ddim yn edrych yn hapus iawn.
Guto - Beth sy’n bod? Problemau bechgyn eto, ife?
Linda - Dw i wedi rhoi’r gorau i fechgyn.
Guto - O ho!  Beth am y Robert ’na?
Linda - Fe oedd y gorau.  Wedi gorffen.
Guto - Beth am y bachgen arall ’na... Beth oedd ei enw e?  Adam.
Linda - Fe oedd y tala...
Guto - Pwy oedd yr hena?  Yr hen foi ’na, John ife?
Linda - Dave.
Guto - O ie, Dave.
Linda - Fe oedd yr ifanca, mewn gwirionedd.
Guto - Ife wir! 

It sounds as though Linda’s best out of it!  Sut mae ers talwm?, Guto asks - how have you been all this time?  Gweddol - (not too bad).  She doesn’t sound very convincing.  Beth sy’n bod?, Guto asks - what’s up?  Dwyt ti ddim yn edrych yn hapus iawn - (You don’t look very happy).  He can guess why.  Problemau bechgyn ife? - (boy problems is it?)  Dw i wedi rhoi’r gorau i fechgyn - (I’ve given boys up).  So what’s happened to this string of boyfriends then?  Beth am y Robert ’na? - (what about that Robert?)  Fe oedd y gorau - (he was the best), Linda muses.  Unfortunately: wedi gorffen - (finished).  Beth am y bachgen arall ’na - (what about that other bloke) - beth oedd ei enw e? - (what was his name?)  Linda seems to enjoy reminiscing about them all.  Fe oedd y tala - (he was the tallest).  Pwy oedd yr hena, Guto wonders - who was the oldest?  Yr hen foi ’na - (that old boy).  Notice he uses the word ’boi, commonly used colloquially, and mutates it to ’foi.  But it wasn’t John, it was Dave.  And he wasn’t the oldest. Fe oedd yr ifanca mewn gwirionedd - (he was the youngest actually).  Ife wir - (really?)  

Week 11, Wednesday.  Today we’ll learn:
tipyn yn, gofalus, claf, cleifion, wastad, cwyno, grwgnachlyd

Remember the word tipyn, or tipyn bach - it means a bit, a little bit.  It’s worth reminding ourselves how it fits into sentences.  It behaves in the same way as llawer - (a lot). Mae tipyn bach o ginio ar ôl - (there’s a little bit of lunch left).  Mae llawer o ginio ar ôl - (there’s a lot of lunch left).  You can also say mae e’n dipyn o foi - (he’s a bit of a boy).  Notice it mutates after yn.  You can also use these phrases before adjectives.  ’Dyn ni tipyn yn hwyr - (we’re a bit late), ’dyn ni tipyn bach yn hwyr - (we’re a little bit late).  Notice tipyn doesn’t mutate here and the yn comes between it and the adjective.  The word for to when you’re going To somewhere is usually ‘i’ in Welsh.  But it also tends to imply into as well, so it’s not the word to use when you go TO a person, or over TO a person.  Then you have to use at.  Roedd e’n arfer mynd at ei fam e - (he used to go to his mam).  There’s some new vocabulary for you.
Wastad is one word meaning always.  Roedd e wastad yn mynd at ei fam e - (he always went to his mam).  You’ll hear cleifion as well, today.  They are patients - cleifion.  Claf is a patient.  Cwyno is to complain.  Ro’n nhw wastad yn cwyno - (they always complained).  And if you’re always complaining, you’re likely to be grwgnachlyd - (grumpy).  Mae Rhys ar ei brofiad gwaith eto yn yr ysbyty.  

Listen to the dialogue:
Nyrs Stevens - Iawn, Rhys.  Dw i’n mynd i gymryd tymheredd y cleifion.  Wyt ti eisiau dod gyda fi?
Rhys - Ydw.
Nyrs Stevens - Yn gynta, byddwn ni’n cymryd tymheredd Mr Edwards, gwely pump.  Rhaid i ni fod yn 
ofalus: fe ydy’r hena ar y ward.  Wedyn byddwn ni’n mynd at Mr Cross draw fan’na.  Mae e tipyn yn 
rwgnachlyd ac mae e wastad yn cwyno, ond fe ydy’r calla a dweud y gwir.

Cymryd tymheredd - (to take a temperature).  So cymryd tymheredd y cleifion is... yes, to take the patient’s temperature.  Dw i’n mynd i gymryd tymheredd y cleifion.  Wyt ti eisiau dod gyda fi, the Nurse asks Rhys - (do you want to come with me?)  Yn gynta - (first) - byddwn ni’n cymryd tymheredd Mr Edwards, gwely pump - (we’ll take Mr Edwards’ temperature, bed five).  Rhaid i ni fod yn ofalus - (we’ve got to be careful).  Fe ydy’r hena ar y ward - (he’s the oldest on the ward).  Wedyn byddwn ni’n mynd at Mr Cross draw fan’na - (then we’ll go to Mr Cross over there).  Mae e tipyn yn grwgnachlyd - (he’s a bit grumpy) - ac mae e wastad yn cwyno - (and he’s always complaining).  Ond fe ydy’r calla a dweud y gwir - (but he’s the wisest, a tell the truth).  Call, remember, is wise or sensible, so calla - wisest or most sensible.

Week 11, Thursday.  Today we’ll learn:
pa, Ionawr, Chwefror, Mawrth, Ebrill, Mai, Mehefin, Gorffenaf, Awst, Medi, Hydref, Tachwedd, Rhagfyr.

We’ve done a lot of work recently on adjectives.  Y gorau - (the best).  Y lleia - (the smallest).  Y mwya - (the biggest).  Yr hena - (the oldest).  Y calla - (the wisest).  If you are referring to a feminine thing or person, you have to remember to make the mutation.  You would say - y ferch orau - (the best girl).  Yr ystafell fwya - (the biggest room), or just y fwya  - (the biggest).  Hena can’t change.  Yr ysgol hena - (the oldest school).  Y ferch galla - (the wisest girl), or just y galla - (the cleverest).  I want to just go through the months of the year with you because you’ll hear a couple come up in the conversation.  I don’t expect you to remember them all at this stage, although we had some of them before.  Like with the days of the week, the name of the month is preceded by a word.  We say dydd Llun for Monday.  So it’s mis Ionawr for January.  Mis Chwefror - (February), mis Mawrth - (March), mis Ebrill - (April), mis Mai - (May), mis Mehefin - (June), mis Gorffennaf - (July),  mis Awst - (August), mis Medi - (September), mis Hydref - (October), mis Tachwedd - (November) and mis Rhagfyr - (December).  Notice that Mawrth can refer to both Tuesday and March.  Dydd Mawrth is Tuesday.  Mis Mawrth is March.  Remember the word pa?  We’ve had it before in the phrase pa un - (which one).  So it means which.  Pa ysgol ydy’r orau? - (which school is the best?)  The word pa mutates the following word.  Pa gar ydy’r cyflyma? - (which car is the fastest?)   

Listen to the dialogue:
Catrin - Iawn, blant.  Pwy sy’n gallu dweud pa fis ydy’r oera?  Pa fis yn y flwyddyn?... Dyna 
fe, Mari - mis Ionawr.  Da iawn.   Mis Ionawr ydy’r oera.  Pa un ydy’r twyma, ’dych chi’n 
meddwl? ... Gorffennaf, wel efallai.  Dyna fe, Mari.  Awst.  Mis Awst ydy’r twyma.  Nawr, 
pwy ydy’r tala yn yr ysgol feithrin?  Neb yn gwybod?  O, Mari eto.  Ie, Robert ydy’r tala.  
Beth am yr hena yn yr ysgol feithrin?  Oes rhywun yn gwybod?  Mari, dw i’n meddwl.  Mari 
ydy’r hena yn yr ysgol feithrin!  Mae ei phen-blwydd hi ym mis Medi.

Pwy sy’n gallu dweud - (who can say?)  Pwy sy’n gallu dweud pa fis ydi’r oera? - (Who can say which is the coldest month?)  Catrin tries to help the children along.  Pa fis yn y flwyddyn? - (which month in the year?)  Mis Ionawr ydy’r oera - (January is the coldest).  Pa un ydy’r twyma, ’dych chi’n meddwl? - (which is the warmest, do you think?)  Gorffennaf - (July) - wel, efallai - (well, perhaps).  Mari gets it right again.  Mis Awst ydi’r twyma - (August is the warmest).  Then Catrin turns her attention to the class itself.  Pwy ydi’r tala yn yr ysgol feithrin? - (who’s the tallest in the nursery school?)  Neb yn gwybod - (nobody knows).  Robert ydy’r tala - (Robert is the tallest).  Beth am yr hena yn y dosbarth? - (what about the oldest in the class?)  Oes rhywun yn gwybod - literally, does someone know, although perhaps in English you’d say, does anyone know?  Mari ydy’r hena yn yr ysgol feithrin - (Mari is the oldest in the nursery school).  

Week 11, Friday.  Today we’ll learn:
mawr, mwy, mwya, llawer, bach, llai, lleia, tipyn, ricriwtio, aelod o staff

Let’s have a look at mwya - (biggest) and lleia - (smallest).  Mae hwn yn fawr - (this one is big).  Mae hwnna yn fwy - (that one is bigger).  Ond dyna’r mwya - (but that’s the biggest).  The opposite of this would be, mae hwn yn fach - (this one is small).  Mae hwnna yn llai - (that one is smaller).  Ond dyna’r lleia - (but that’s the smallest).  But mwya and lleia also have a slightly different sense when they refer to quantity.  Mae llawer gyda fi - (I’ve got a lot).  Mae mwy gyda chi - (you’ve got more).  Ond gyda nhw mae’r mwya - (but they’ve got the most).  The opposite of this would be: mae tipyn gyda fi - (I’ve got a little).  Mae llai gyda chi - (you’ve got less).  Ond gyda nhw mae’r lleia - (but they’ve got the least).  
The word recriwtio means to recruit.  And whom do you recruit?  Aelod o staff - (a member of staff).

Listen to the dialogue:
Guto - Estyniad tri-chwech-wyth? ... O, Phil, sut mae? ... Pryd? ... Ddydd Lun?
Bethan - Beth sy?
Guto - Iawn, hwyl. 
Bethan - Beth sy’n digwydd, Guto?
Guto - Y diswyddiadau.
Bethan - Y diswyddiadau?  Beth, ni?
Guto - Y diswyddiadau lleia dw i erioed wedi’u gweld.  Does dim diswyddiadau, Bethan fach.  
Maen nhw’n recriwtio.  Maen nhw’n mynd i recriwtio mwy o staff nag erioed o’r blaen.  A 
’dyn ni’n gorfod dewis aelod newydd o staff i’r adran ’ma ddydd Llun.

Estyniad tri-chwech-wyth - (extension three-six-eight).  It’s Phil Huws on the phone, their immediate boss.  Bethan is dying to find out what Guto has been talking to him about on the phone.  Beth sy’n digwydd - (what’s happening?)  She can obviously feel something in the air.  Y diswyddiadau, Guto announces - the redundancies.  Beth, ni? - (what, us?)  Has the axe finally fallen?  Y diswyddiadau lleia - (the smallest redundances) y diswyddiadau lleia dw i erioed wedi’u gweld - (the smallest redundancies I have ever seen).  Does dim diswyddiadau - (there’re aren’t any redundancies).  Maen nhw’n recriwtio - (they’re recruiting).  Maen nhw’n mynd i recriwtio mwy o staff nag erioed o’r blaen - (they’re going to recruit more staff than ever before).  A ’dyn ni’n gorfod dewis aelod newydd o staff i’r adran ’ma ddydd Llun - (and we’ve got to choose a new member of staff for this department on Monday).