Catchphrase 2001 Wythnos 43

Week 43, Monday.  Today' you'll learn:
dwedoch chi, dweud wrth, rhaglen, esgusodwch fi, o’r blaen, mwynhau, cipolwg

Sut mae pethau? Sut mae eich treigladau chi? - (how are your mutations?) Healthy, I hope. Just to make sure, though, let’s go through the soft mutations. P is for Pensil: defnyddiais i bensil - (I used a pencil). T for ty: prynais i dy - (I brought a house). C for cais: sgoriais i gais - (I scored a try). B for banana: bwytais i fanana - (I ate a banana). D for Dillad: golchais i ddillad - (I washed some clothes). G for gwaith: gwnes i waith - (I did work). Ll for Llyfr: darllenais i lyfr - (I read a book). M for moddion: ces i foddion - (I had some medicine). Rh for rhaglen: gwelais i raglen - (I saw a programme). I don’t need to remind you, therefore, that you mutate the noun that follows the simple past tense. We’ve had the verb dweud before - to say. To form the past, you add the endings onto the stem, which is just dwed: dwedais i - (I said). With the chi form, we usually say dwedoch chi - (you said). Ddwedoch chi ddim - (you didn’t say anything).  When you say something TO someone, it’s dweud WRTH rywun. Dwedais i wrth Mam - (I told Mam). Esgusodwch fi is excuse me. O’r blaen means before - in the sense of I’ve heard that one before. Mwynhau means to enjoy oneself. ‘Dyn ni’n mwynhau - (we’re enjoying ourselves). Cipolwg is a glance. Now for our cipolwg ar the Lloyd family. Catrin is at the old people’s home.

Listen to the conversation:
Catrin - Esgusodwch fi, nyrs.
Nyrs - Mrs Lloyd?
Catrin - ‘Dyn ni wedi penderfynu. ‘Dyn ni eisiau tynnu Mr Lloyd allan o’r cartref, mae arna i ofn.
Nyrs - Ddwedoch chi ddim byd o’r blaen.
Catrin - Naddo. Ond dydy e ddim yn mwynhau.
Nyrs - Ydy, mae e: mae e’n mwynhau’n fawr. Ces i gipolwg arno fe gynnau fach.
Catrin - Mrs Simpson, ‘dyn ni ddim newydd benderfynu. Roedd hi’n anodd penderfynu.
Nyrs - Wel, o’r gorau.
Catrin - Dw i’n mynd i ddweud wrth Wncl Elwyn. Ble mae e?
Nyrs - Mae e yn yr ardd yn ysmygu.
Catrin - Ysmygu?!
Nyrs - Dydy e ddim yn ysmygu yn y ty.
Catrin - Hy!

Esgusodwch fi, nyrs - (excuse me nurse). ‘Dyn ni eisiau tynnu Mr Lloyd allan o’r cartref - (we want to pull Mr Lloyd out of the home). Ddwedoch chi ddim byd o’r blaen - (you didn’t say anything before). Dydy e ddim yn mwynhau, Catrin explains - he’s not enjoying himself. Ydy, mae e - (yes he is), the nurse protests. Mae e’n mwynhau’n fawr - (he’s enjoying himself a lot). Ces i gipolwg arno fe gynnau fach - (I took a glance at him just now). But Catrin explains, ‘dyn ni ddim NEWYDD benderfynu - (we haven’t JUST decided). Dw i’n mynd i ddwued wrth Wncl Elwyn - (I’m going to tell Uncle Elwyn). 
Ble mae e? - (where is he?) Mae e yn yr ardd yn ysmygu - (he’s in the garden smoking). Not what the doctor ordered! 

Week 43, Dydd Mawrth.  Today, you'll learn: 
dwedais i, anghofiais i ddweud, dim fi

 We've been using the verb dweud - (to say). In the past, it becomes dwed plus the endings. Dwedais i - (I said). The rest of the verb in the past is: dwedaist ti - (you said), dwedodd e or dwedodd hi - (he or she said). Dwedon ni - (we said). Dwedoch chi - (you said). Dwedon nhw - (they said). It’s not only nouns that mutate after the simple past tense.  After beth - (what) dweud usually mutates in the past. Beth ddwedaist ti? - (what did you say?) Beth ddewedodd yr athro? - (what did the teacher say?) We've been  through examples like anghofiais i gyfarfod - (I forgot a meeting). Verbs can mutate as well after the simple past. Anghofiais i ddweud wrth y bos - (I forgot to tell the boss) Cofiais i fynd at y meddyg - (I remembered to go to the doctor’s). Have you noticed how often we use the word it’s in English? It’s me! It’s not your turn! If you’re using an adjective, you can use a similar construction in Welsh. For example, mae’n gymylog - (it’s cloudy). But if it’s a person, or a thing, we tend to turn the sentence around. Fi sy ‘ma  - (t’s me, it’s me here). Cerdyn post ydy e - (it’s a post card). Sometimes it’s better to leave the it’s out altogether. Mam! - (it’s Mam!) The thing to remember is to reach for the noun - the person or the thing - first in Welsh. To make it negative, simply place the word dim first: dim fi - (it’s not me). Catrin is bringing Uncle Elwyn home from the cartref henoed.

Listen to the conversation:
Catrin - Dyma ni, te, Wncl Elwyn. Gartref.
Elwyn - Ew, mae’r ty wedi newid. Ble mae fy ystafell wely i?
Catrin - Dim dy dy di, Wncl Elwyn. ‘Dych chi wedi dod i fyw gyda ni.
Elwyn - O... Ble mae fy sigarets i? Anghofiais i ddod â nhw gyda fi.
Catrin - Nawr te, Wncl Elwyn. ‘Dych chi ddim yn mynd i ysmygu yma. ‘Dych chi’n gwybod beth ddwedodd y meddyg.
Elwyn - Catrin.
Catrin - Beth?
Elwyn - Mae hiraeth arna i am y cartref henoed.

Dyma ni, Wncl Elwyn - (here we are, Uncle Elwyn). Gartref - (home). But Uncle Elwyn seems a bit confused. Mae’r ty wedi newid - (the house has changed). Ble mae fy ystafell wely i - (where’s my bedroom?) Dim dy dy di, Wncl Elwyn - (it’s not your house, Uncle Elwyn). ‘Dych chi wedi dod i fyw gyda ni - (you’ve come to live with us). Elwyn reaches for his little vice, but... anghofiais i ddod a nhw gyda fi - (I forgot to bring them). Remember you say come with something in Welsh to mean bring. Anghofiais i ddod â nhw gyda fi - (I forgot to bring them with me). Catrin is not impressed. ‘Dych chi ddim yn mynd i ysmygu yma - (you’re not going to smoke here). ‘Dych chi’n gwybod beth ddwedodd y meddyg - (you know what the doctor said). Elwyn is beginning to have second thoughts: mae hiraeth arna i am y cartref henoed - (I’m missing the old people’s home). 

Week 43, Wednesday.  Today, you'll learn: 
gadael

Gadael is the Welsh verb to leave. It’s irregular in the past. You remove the ael and replace it with aw. So gadawais i is I left. Gadawaist ti - (you left). Gadawodd e or gadawodd hi - (he or she left). Gadawon ni - (we left). Gadawoch chi - (you left). Gadawon nhw - (they left). While we’re at it, let’s remind ourselves of the past tense of the irregular verb gweld - (to see). Gwelais i - (I saw). Gwelaist ti - (you saw). Gwelodd e or gwelodd hi - (he or she saw). Gwelon ni - (we saw). Gweloch chi - (you saw). Gwelon nhw - (they saw). Some new vocabulary. I’m sure you will have seen the word tref on lots of road signs. It means town.  It’s a feminine word, so y dre is the town. Canol y dre - (the town centre). If you want to say in town you still use y in Welsh - ro’n i yn y dref - (I was in town).  Now, I wonder how Uncle Elwyn’s settling down to living with the Lloyd family, I wonder?

Listen to the conversation:
Rhys - Mam, Dad. Prynais i lyfr newydd yn y dre ddoe. Dw i ddim yn gwybod ble mae e.
Catrin - Edrychaist ti yn dy stafell di?
Rhys - Do. Gadawais i fe yn y lolfa, dw i’n meddwl.
Catrin - Welais i ddim llyfr yn y lolfa. Wyt ti’n gwybod, Guto?
Guto - Nac ydw. Ond, wedi/erbyn meddwl, gwelais i rywbeth ar fwrdd y lolfa...
Rhys - O ie, bwrdd y lolfa. 
Catrin - Ydy e yno?
Rhys - Ydy. Mae Wncl Elwyn wedi rhoi ei goffi arno fe!

Not too well, by the sounds of it. Rhys says, prynais i lyfr newydd yn y dre ddoe - (I bought a new book in town yesterday). Dw i ddim yn gwybod ble mae e - (I don’t know where it is). Edrychaist ti yn dy stafell di - (did you look in your bedroom?) Do - (yes). Gadawais i fe yn y lolfa - (I left it in the living room). Welais i ddim llyfr yn y lolfa - (I didn’t see a book in the living room). Guto doesn’t seem to know anything about it. Ond, wedi/erbyn meddwl, gwelais i rywbeth ar fwrdd y lolfa  - (on second thoughts, though, I saw something on the living room table). Ydy e yno? - (is it there?) Catrin asks. Ydy. Mae Wncl Elwyn wedi rhoi ei goffi arno fe - (Uncle Elwyn has put his coffee on it). 

Week 43, Thursday.  Today, you'll learn:
pum munud ar hugain, pump ar hugain, unarddeg, bryd hynny, dyddiadur

We’ve been through the numbers quite a few times, so you should be beginning to feel fairly secure with them now. If you listen to a lot of Welsh, you may be aware that there is a more traditional method of counting, which is commonly used for example in telling the time. All the numbers from one to ten are thankfully the same. But dau ddeg - (twenty) - becomes ugain - (twenty). Mae’n ugain munud wedi pump - (it’s twenty past five). Pump ar hugain is twenty-five in this system: literally, five on twenty. To say twenty-five past, you have to say: pum munud ar hugain wedi. Mae’n bum munud ar hugain wedi deg - (it’s twenty-five past ten). Roedd hi’n bum munud ar hugain i bedwar - (it was twenty-five to four). The word for eleven is un ar ddeg - literally, one-on-ten. Mae’n chwarter i un ar ddeg - (it’s a quarter to eleven). So, remember pum munud ar hugain - (twenty five minutes) and un ar ddeg - (eleven). Two pieces of vocabulary: bryd hynny it means then, or at that time, to be differentiated from wedyn which means then in the sense of next. Wedyn, aeth e i’r siop - (then he went to the shop). Doedd hi ddim yn gallu nofio bryd hynny - (she couldn’t swim then). Dyddiadur is a diary. Guto and Bethan are in the office.

Listen to the conversation:
Guto - Mae diwrnod prysur iawn gyda fi heddiw.
Bethan - Wel, does dim byd gyda fi yn y dyddiadur.
Guto - Am bum munud wedi deg, dw i’n gorfod ffonio’r garej.
Bethan - Pam?
Guto - Maen nhw’n trwsio’r car.
Bethan - Hm.
Guto - Wedyn, am bum munud ar hugain i un ar ddeg dw i’n gorfod mynd allan.
Bethan - Dim y ceffylau?
Guto - Mae bet da gyda fi.
Bethan - Wel, mae’n ddrwg ‘da fi, Guto. Dwyt ti ddim yn gallu mynd allan bryd hynny.
Guto - Pam?
Bethan - Rwyt ti’n gorfod gweld y bos, dyna pam.

Mae diwrnod prysur iawn gyda fi heddiw - (I’ve got a very busy day today), Guto says. Bethan looks in the diary to see what he’s up to. Does dim byd gyda fi yn y dyddiadur - (I haven’t got anything in the diary). Am bum munud wedi deg - (at five past ten) - dw i’n gorfod ffonio’r garej - (I’ve got to phone the garage). Pam? Maen nhw’n trwsio’r car - (they’re mending the car). That doesn’t sound a very work-related task! Wedyn, am bum munud ar hugain i un ar ddeg - (then, at twenty-five to eleven) - am bum munud ar hugain i un ar ddeg dw i’n gorfod mynd allan. (I’ve got to go out). Dim y ceffylau? - (it’s not the horses is it?) Mae bet da gyda fi - (I’ve got a good bet). Bethan has bad news for Guto. Mae’n ddrwg ‘da fi - (I’m sorry). Dwyt ti ddim yn gallu mynd allan bryd hynny - (you can’t go out then). Rwyt ti’n gorfod gweld y bos - (you’ve got to see the boss). Dyna pam - (that’s why). 

Week 43, Friday.  Today, you'll learn: 
plat, pwrpasol, chwyrnu, dod i arfer ag e, tywallt, carped

The soft mutation is often used with expressions of time. Dydd Mawrth means Tuesday, but you would say, gwelais i hi ar ddydd Mawrth - (I saw her on Tuesday), or just miss the ar out: gwelais i hi ddydd Mawrth - (I saw her Tuesday). We’ve had other examples of this phenomenon. The phrase bryd hynny actually comes from pryd hynny. Pryd means time, so pryd hynny means that time. Bryd hynny is, literally, at that time, or then. Remember the past negative of verbs beginning in T, C or P needs the TCP mutation - that is, T goes to TH, C goes to CH and P goes to PH. Talu - (to pay): thalais i ddim - (I didn’t pay). Prynu - (to buy): phrynon nhw ddim byd - (they didn’t by anything). Colli - (to lose): chollon ni ddim un gêm - (we didn’t lose one match). Some new words: yn bwrpasol means on purpose. Gwnaethon ni fe yn bwrpasol - (we did it on purpose). Plat is the word for plate. Mae cacen ar y plat - (there’s a cake on the plate). Chwyrnu means to snore. Roedd e’n chwyrnu trwy’r amser - (he used to snore all the time). Tywallt is to pour - tywalltodd hi’r llaeth - (she poured the milk). Dod i arfer â means to get used to - Dw i ddim wedi dod i arfer ag e - (I haven’t got used to it). Carped is, not surprsingly, the word for carpe’. 

Listen to the conversation:
Rhys - Mam, mae Wncl Elwyn wedi torri un o fy CDs eto.
Catrin - Eto?
Rhys - Ie. Torrodd e un ddydd Llun, hefyd.
Catrin - Sut?
Rhys - Mae e’n eistedd arnyn nhw!
Catrin - Wel, dydy e ddim yn gwneud yn bwrpasol.
Guto - Torrodd e blat ddoe.
Catrin - Wel, mae e’n hen.
Guto - Chysgais i ddim neithiwr. Roedd e’n chwyrnu.
Catrin - Guto - does dim cywilydd arnat ti? Mae Wncl Elwyn yn hen ac yn dost. Mae e wedi dod i fyw gyda ni. Rhaid dod i arfer ag e.
Rhys - Mam, mae Wncl Elwyn wedi tywallt ei goffi ar y carped!
Catrin - Beth! O!...

Mae Wncl Elwyn wedi torri un o fy CDs eto, Rhys complains - (Uncle Elwyn has broken one of my CDs again). Eto? Catrin asks. Ie. Torrodd e un ddydd Llun, hefyd - (Yes. He broke one on Monday, as well). Sut? - How? Mae e’n eistedd arnyn nhw - (he sits on them). Catrin sticks up for Uncle Elwyn: dydy e ddim yn gwneud yn bwrpasol - (he doesn’t do it on purpose). But Guto pitches in as well. Torrodd e blat ddoe - (he broke a plate yesterday). Mae e’n hen, Catrin explains - he’s old. Chysgais i ddim neithiwr - (I didn’t sleep last night), Guto complains, roedd e’n chwyrnu - (he was snoring). Does dim cywilydd arnat ti? - (aren’t you ashamed of yourself), Catrin asks Guto. Mae Wncl Elwyn yn hen ac yn dost - (Uncle Elwyn is old and ill). Mae e wedi dod i fyw gyda ni - (he’s come to live with us). Rhaid dod i arfer ag e - (we’ve got to get used to him). Catrin’s attitude changes, however when she hears Rhys exclaim: mae e wedi tywallt ei goffi ar y carped - (he’s poured his coffee on the carpet).

Test yourself on what you've learned this week:
1.	I brought a house is?
a)	Prynais i dy
b)	Brynais i dy
c)	Prynais i ty

2.	I saw a programme is?
a)	Edrychais i ar rhaglen
b)	Gwelais i raglen
c)	Gwelais i'r rhaglen

3.	They said is?
a)	Dwedaist ti
b)	Dwedon ni
c)	Dwedon nhw

4.	How do you say she left?
a)	Gadawon nhw
b)	Gadawodd hi
c)	Gadawoch chi

5.	Twenty five past is?
a)	Chwarter i pump
b)	Pum munud ar hugain i chwech
c)	Pum munud ar hugain wedi

6.	Tuesday is?
a)	Dydd Mercher
b)	Dydd Mawrth
c)	Dydd Iau