Catchphrase 2001 Wythnos 42

Week 42, Monday.  Today, you'll learn:
wedi blino, wedi diflasu, wedi torri, wedi diflasu, gwir, credu

The word wedi often crops up in phrases used to describe someone’s or something’s state. We've used wedi blino before - tired. Mae hi wedi blino - (she’s tired). Wedi diflasu means bored. ‘Dyn ni wedi diflasu - (we’re bored, we’re fed up). We’ve had wedi torri before - it means broken. Roedd y drws wedi torri - (the door was broken). Remember the word gorfod? It means to have to or to be forced to. It fits quite comfortably into any tense. Ro’n nhw’n gorfod mynd i’r ysgol - (they had to go to school). ‘Dw i’n gorfod talu’r bil - (I’ve got to pay the bill). It is a similar word to gallu - to be able to. Ro’n nhw’n gallu mynd i’r ysgol - (they were able to go to school, they could go to school). ‘Dw i’n gallu talu’r bil - (I can pay the bill). A new word in this lesson is credu - (to believe). 'Dych chi’n credu hynny? - (Do you believe that?) You will also come accross gwir - (true). Ydy hi’n wir? - (Is it true?) Catrin is paying one of her regular visits to Uncle Elwyn in the old people’s home. I wonder what state he’ll be in?

Listen to the conversation:
Catrin - Sut ‘dych chi heddiw, Wncl Elwyn?
Elwyn - O, dw i wedi diflasu yma.
Catrin - O, dim eto! Beth sy’n bod?
Elwyn - Mae’r bwyd yn ofnadwy - a does neb eisiau siarad â fi.
Catrin - Dw i ddim yn gallu credu hynny.
Elwyn - Mae’n wir. Ac mae’r teledu wedi torri. A ‘dyn ni’n gorfod mynd i’r 	gwely yn rhy gynnar.
Catrin - Nac ydych.
Nyrs - Nawr, Mr Lloyd. ‘Dych chi wedi blino. Mae’n amser gwely...

Sut mae Wncl Elwyn, te? Dw i wedi diflasu yma - (I’m bored here). This is not what Catrin wants to hear. Dim eto! - (not again!) Beth sy’n bod? - (what’s wrong?) Mae’r bwyd yn ofnadwy - (the food’s horrible). Does neb eisiau siarad â fi - (nobody wants to talk to me). Catrin answers, dw i ddim yn gallu credu hynny - (I can’t believe that). Mae’n wir - (it’s true). Ac mae’r teledu wedi torri - (the TV’s broken). ‘Dyn ni’n gorfod mynd i’r gwely - (we’ve got to go to bed) - yn rhy gynnar - (too early). And what does the nurse suggest? Mae’n amser gwely - (it’s bed time). 

Week 42, Tuesday.  Today, you'll learn:
mae e wedi dechrau, gwerthu, dadlau

When you say a sentence like 'he has started learning Welsh', it’s a special form of the past which still has a lot to do with the present. We use the word wedi.  Mae e wedi dechrau dysgu Cymraeg  - (he’s started learning Welsh). If you said, dechreuodd e ddysgu Cymraeg it would mean he started to learn Welsh. He may have given up since then. So when you want to say he has done something remember to say mae e wedi gwneud, then and only then. Sometimes learners are tempted to use wedi all the time for the past, but this is wrong. ‘Dyn ni wedi penderfynu - (we’ve decided): and the implication is that we’re now going to do something about it. Some new words: gwerthu is to sell. Dadlau is to argue. The word rhaid is used in this lesson - we’ve had it before. There isn’t a straight translation into English, but it confers a general sense of necessity: rhaid mynd - (we’ve got to go, or maybe, I’ve got to go). Rhaid penderfynu - (we’ve got to make a decision). And a decision is what is being made in the Lloyd household...

Listen to the conversation:
Catrin - Guto, rhaid siarad.
Guto - Beth, cariad?
Catrin - Dw i wedi penderfynu. Rhaid tynnu Wncl Elwyn allan o’r cartref henoed ‘na.
Guto - Wyt TI wedi penderfynu? Dw i ddim wedi penderfynu!
Catrin - Mae hi wedi mynd yn rhy bell.
Guto - Beth sy wedi mynd yn rhy bell?
Catrin - Y cwyno, y dadlau... Dwyt ti ddim yn gorfod ymweld â fe!
Guto - Ble mae e’n mynd i fyw? ‘Dyn ni wedi gwerthu’r tþ.
Catrin - Beth am gyda ni?
Guto - Gyda ni? Byth! Dw i ddim eisiau y cwyno, y dadlau.
Catrin - Ond Guto, bydd e’n well gyda ni...
Guto - Na, Catrin. Byth!

Rhaid siarad, Catrin says - we’ve got to talk. Dw i wedi penderfynu - (I’ve decided). Rhaid tynnu Wncl Elwyn allan o’r cartref henoed - (we’ve got to pull Uncle Elwyn out of the old people’s home). Wyt ti wedi penderfynu? Guto asks - you’ve decided? Dw i ddim wedi penderfynu - (I haven’t decided!) Yn rhy bell means too far. Mae hi wedi mynd yn rhy bell - (it’s gone too far). Notice Catrin uses the feminine word for it in this case, because it refers to the general situation rather than anything specific: mae hi wedi mynd yn rhy bell. So what has gone too far? Y cwyno, y dadlau - (the complaining, the arguing). Dwyt ti ddim yn gorfod ymweld â fe - (you don’t have to visit him). Guto points out, ‘dyn ni wedi gwerthu’r ty - (we’ve sold the house), so where is he going to live? Catrin’s reply is not what he wants to hear: beth am gyda ni? - (what about with us?) Byth! is the reply - never! Bydd e’n well gyda ni - (he’ll be better with us) Catrin suggests.

Week 42, Wednesday.  Today, you'll learn: 
diwrnod, gorffen
 
We shall be looking at some more examples of the past with wedi and the simple past to give you a feel of the difference between them. Remember, it’s very like in British English when we say I have done something as opposed to I did something. Ces i gnoc ar y pen - (I had a knock on the head) (it might have been a couple of years ago). Dw i wedi cael cnoc ar y pen - (I’ve had a knock on the head) (and it’s still hurting!). If you ask someone wyt ti wedi cael cnoc ar y pen? - (have you had a knock on the head?) the usual way of answering is ydw - (yes I have). Or nac ydw - (no I haven’t). Sometimes you may hear people answering do or naddo - because they feel the action is in the past rather than the present. There are two words for day in Welsh - if you know French, you’ll recognise the similarity. Dydd is the word used when you are talking about specific days. Dydd Llun, for example, is Monday. Diwrnod is the usual word when referring to things that fill up a day. Diwrnod o waith, for example, is a day’s work. Gest ti ddiwrnod da ar ddydd Gwener? - (Did you have a good day on Friday?) Gorffen is a verb which means to finish. Gorffennais i’r gwaith cartref neithiwr - (I finished the homework last night). The word eto is used in this lesson. In a phrase like gwrandewch eto, it means again. But it can also mean yet. Wyt ti wedi gorffen eto? - (have you finished yet?) Guto is returning from a day in the office.

Listen to the conversation:
Guto - Noswaith dda, cariad.
Catrin - Helo, Guto. Wyt ti wedi cael diwrnod da?
Guto - Ydw, diolch.
Catrin - Orffenaist ti’r adroddiad ‘na?
Guto - Yr adroddiad? Naddo. Mae Bethan wedi mynd ar ei gwyliau hi.
Catrin - Ac felly?
Guto - Wel, dw i ddim wedi gwneud popeth.
Catrin - Pryd aeth hi ar ei gwyliau hi?
Guto - Dydd Gwener.
Catrin - Dydd Gwener! A dwyt ti ddim wedi gorffen yr adroddiad eto?
Guto - Wel, mae eisiau Bethan arna i...
Catrin - I beth?
Guto - I lungopïo.
Catrin - Hy!

Well, Catrin started out civilly enough, enquiring about his day. Wyt ti wedi cael diwrnod da? - (have you had a good day?) Ydw, diolch - (yes I have, thanks). Orffennaist ti - that comes from the verb gorffen - (to finish) - orffennaist ti’r adroddiad ‘na? - (did you finish that report). Naddo - (no I didn’t). Mae Bethan wedi mynd ar ei gwyliau hi - (Bethan has gone on holiday). The implication, of course, is that she is still on her holidays. Ac felly? - (so what?) asks Catrin. Dw i ddim wedi gwneud popeth - (I haven’t done everything). Pryd aeth hi ar ei gwyliau hi? - (when did she go on her holidays?) Dydd Gwener - (Friday). A dwyt ti ddim wedi gorffen yr adroddiad eto? - (and you haven’t finished the report yet?) What is Guto’s excuse? Mae eisiau Bethan arna i - (I need Bethan). I beth? - (For what?) asks Catrin. I lungopïo - (to photocopy). Technical skills in the office are not Guto’s forte, it seems! 

 Week 42, Thursday.  Today, you'll learn:
dw i wedi bod yn gwneud, gwybod/nabod, nabod, dim byd o bwys

'Dych chi wedi cael diwrnod da? - (Have you had a good day?) Time to relax now with your Welsh! Bod is the Welsh verb to be. So 'dw i wedi bod means I have been. You can then use this phrase to build other sentences, like ‘dw i wedi bod yn meddwl - (I’ve been thinking). Mae hi wedi bod yn dysgu Cymraeg - (she’s been learning Welsh). Beth mae e wedi bod yn ‘wneud? - (what has he been doing?) We’ve seen a lot of examples of the past with wedi. Remember also that we can sometimes use newydd to mean something similar. 'Dw i newydd - (I have just). Dw i newydd godi - (I’ve just got up). And yes, newydd mutates the word that follows it. Dim is the word used in negative sentences to mean not. ‘Dyn nhw ddim yma - (they’re not here). Dim on its own means nothing. People often say dim byd as well to mean nothing. Dim byd o bwys means nothing important. Like many other European languages, Welsh distinguishes between two different verbs to know. We’ve seen gwybod. 'Dw i’n gwybod hynny - I know that. Nabod means to know when you’re talking about a person. ‘Dych chi’n nabod fy ffrind i? - (do you know my friend?) Rhys is taking a call from his friend, Dan.

Listen to the conversation:
Rhys - Hylo?
Dan - Rhys, shwmae, Dan sy ‘ma.
Rhys - Dan, shwmae.
Dan - Beth wyt ti wedi bod yn ‘wneud yr wythnos ‘ma?
Rhys - O, dim byd o bwys. A ti?
Dan - Wel - dw i wedi cwrdd â’r ferch ‘ma...
Rhys - He! Ac ydw i’n nabod y ferch ‘ma?
Dan - Nac wyt. Mae hi’n gweithio yn yr archfarchnad.
Rhys - Ro’n i’n arfer gweithio yn yr archfarchnad!
Dan - O’t, ond mae hi newydd ddechrau yno.
Rhys - Beth Ydy ei henw hi?
Dan - Glenda.
Rhys - Glenda... Davies?
Dan - Ie. Sut ro’t ti’n gwybod?
Rhys - Roedd hi’n arfer mynd i’r coleg!

What does Dan ask Rhys: beth wyt ti wedi bod yn ‘wneud yr wythnos ‘ma? - (what have you been doing this week?) They obviously haven’t spoken to each other for at least a week. Dim byd o bwys, Rhys replies - nothing important. Dan, on the other hand, has interesting information to impart. Dw i wedi cwrdd a’r ferch ‘ma - (I’ve met this girl). Ac ydw i’n nabod y ferch ‘ma? Rhys asks - And do I know this girl? Nac wyt - (no). Mae hi’n gweithio yn yr archfarchnad - (she works in the supermarket). But that, of course, was where Rhys used to work before he went back to college. Ro’n i’n arfer gweithio yn yr archfarchnad. O’t - (yes) - ond mae hi newydd ddechrau yno - (but she’s only just started there). Beth ydy ei henw hi? - (what’s her name, or what’s she called?) It seems Rhys knows her name. Sut o’t ti’n gwybod? - (how did you know?) Roedd hi’n arfer mynd i’r coleg - (she used to go to the college). 

Week 42, Friday.  Today, you'll learn: 
mae hi’n chwarter wedi naw, wedi meddwl, brecwast, traed, ar ei draed e, yn ôl, diogyn, taith, ffafr

How do you feel about phrases using wedi now? Is it all making sense? Just remember, the normal form of the past is the simple past: Ces i frecwast - (I had breakfast). Or, the continuous form if you are describing a continuous action: Ro’n i’n arfer cael brecwast  - (I used to have breakfast). If you use the past with wedi - Dw i wedi cael brecwast - you mean, I have had breakfast, I’m now feeling full, I don’t want any more and I’m ready to face the rest of the day. This sense is contained in the adjectives we’ve seen with wedi: wedi blino - (tired). ‘Dych chi wedi blino - (you’re tired). Dw i wedi diflasu - (I’m bored, or I’ve got bored, I’ve become bored). Remember that the word wedi also crops up when you say what the time is. Then it means past. Mae hi’n chwarter wedi pump - (it’s a quarter past five). Roedd hi’n hanner awr wedi pedwar - (it was half past four). A new phrase for you - Wedi/Erbyn meddwl. It translates something along the lines of come to think of it. The expression yn ôl is used in this lesson. This can have more than one meaning. It can mean ago - Awr yn ôl - (an hour ago). Also it can mean back - Mae hi wedi dod yn ôl - (she’s come back). Another couple of new words: diogyn - lazy-bones. Taith means a journey or a trip. Ar daith - (on a trip). Ffafr is a favour. It doesn’t sound as though Rhys has had to go into college early this morning...

Listen to the conversation:
Catrin - Bore da, y diogyn!  Rwyt ti’n hwyr y bore ‘ma. 
Rhys - Gwell hwyr na hwyrach.
Catrin - Wel, mae Dad wedi gadael tipyn o frecwast i ti.
Rhys - Iawn. Wedi/erbyn meddwl, ble mae Dad?
Catrin - Mae e wedi mynd.
Rhys - Wedi mynd? Pryd aeth e?
Catrin - Hanner awr yn ôl.
Rhys - Oo! Sylweddolais i ddim! Ro’n i eisiau ffafr yn y gwaith.
Catrin - Mae’n chwarter wedi naw, rwyt ti’n gwybod. Dwyt ti ddim yn gallu ffonio Dad yn y gwaith. Mae e wedi mynd ar daith.
Rhys - Faint o’r gloch bydd e’n dod yn ôl?
Catrin - Dw i ddim yn siwr. Heno, rhywbryd.
Rhys - Damia!

Bore da, y diogyn, Catrin says. Good morning, lazy-bones! Rwyt ti’n hwyr y bore ‘ma - (you’re late this morning).  Gwell hwyr na hwyrach - remember that saying? Better late than never. Mae Dad wedi gadael tipyn o frecwast i ti - (Dad has left a bit of breakfast for you). Wedi/erbyn meddwl - (come to think of it) - ble mae Dad? - (where is Dad?) Mae e wedi mynd - (he’s gone). Wedi mynd - (gone?) Pryd aeth e? - (when did he go?) Hanner awr yn ôl - (half an hour ago). Sylweddolais i ddim - (I didn’t realise). Ro’n i eisiau ffafr yn y gwaith - (I wanted a favour in work). Mae’n chwarter wedi naw, Catrin points out - it’s a quarter past nine. Unfortunately, dwyt ti ddim yn gallu ffonio Dad yn y gwaith - (you can’t phone Dad in work). Mae e wedi mynd ar daith - (he’s gone on a trip). Faint o’r gloch bydd e’n ( tonight, sometime).