GWERS 94

CYFLWYNYDD:     ANN M. JONES

NOD:	  ‘Efallai’ ac  ‘Onibai’

 	Geirfa

		crïo		-	to cry 	colli		-	to lose, miss	
		syrthio		-	to fall	cyrraedd	- 	to arrive
		colli			-	to miss		anghofio		-	to forget
						               to lose	boddi	-		to drown

			glaw			-	rain		damwain   f	-	accident
		pen-blwydd		-		birthday
		
			cyfoethog		-	wealthy, rich

RHAN 1

	1.	efallai 	 -	    perhaps, maybe

	'Efallai' (usually pronounced 'falle) is followed by the ‘bod’ pattern ('that') in Welsh

	(Do you remember the 'bod' forms?

				fy mod i	ein bod ni
				dy fod ti	eich bod chi
				bod Tom/Mair	eu bod nhw
				ei bod hi
				ei fod e (o)

			Efallai bod Mair	-		Perhaps Mair is / was
			Efallai eu bod nhw             -        Perhaps they are / were

	2.	We can use an adjective or a short phrase to complete the sentence

		Efallai bod y plant yn y parc.
- Perhaps (that) the children are in the park.

			Efallai eu bod nhw'n sâl.
- Maybe (that) they’re ill.
	
		Efallai bod y ffilm yn well na'r llyfr.
- Maybe (that) the film is better than the book.

		Ble mae Bethan?  
		Efallai ei bod hi yn y tþ.
		- Maybe (that) she's in the house.

		Ble mae'r papurau?
		Efallai eu bod nhw dan y bwrdd.
		- Perhaps (that) they are under the table.

		Ble mae John?
Efallai ei fod e yn y tafarn.
- Maybe (that) he’s in the pub.

	3.	A Present Tense verb can be used also

		Efallai eich bod chi'n 'nabod John.
- Pehaps you know John.

			Efallai ei fod e'n gweithio'n hwyr.
		- Maybe he‘s working late.

3.	A Past (wedi) Tense verb can be used also

		Efallai bod y trên wedi mynd.
		- Perhaps the train has gone.

			Efallai ei bod hi wedi colli'r bws.
		- Maybe she has missed the bus.

		Ble maen nhw?
		Efallai eu bod nhw wedi cysgu'n hwyr.
		- Perhaps (that) they have slept late.

		Pam mae Rhian yn crïo?
		Efallai ei bod hi wedi syrthio.
		- Perhaps (that) she has fallen.

	4..	Notice that when a long or short Future Tense verb is used, we use 'y / yr' after 'efallai' (and not the 'bod' forms)

		(a)	Long verbs

		Efallai y byddan nhw'n cael cinio yn y dre'.
		- Perhaps (that) they will be having lunch in town.

		Efallai y byddwn ni'n rhy gynnar.
		- Maybe (that) we’ll be too early.

		Efallai y bydd y tywydd yn well yfory.
		- Maybe the weather will be better tomorrow.
				
		Pryd byddan nhw'n cyrraedd?
		Efallai y byddan nhw'n cyrraedd cyn cinio.
		- Perhaps (that) they will be arriving before lunch.

		Sut bydd y tywydd yn Tenerife?
		Efallai y bydd hi'n boeth.
		- Perhaps (that) it will be hot.

(b)	Short verbs

		Efallai y gweli di Tom yn y dre'.
		- Perhaps (that) you’ll see Tom in town.

		Efallai yr enilliff Pontypridd y gêm.
		- Maybe (that) Pontypridd will win the match.

		Efallai y cawn ni dywydd braf yn Ffrainc.
		- Perhaps (that) we’ll have fine weather in France.
			
		Pryd byddan nhw'n cyrraedd?
		Efallai y cyrhaeddan nhw cyn cinio.
		- Perhaps (that) they will arrive before lunch.

	Remember that the direct object of a ‘short’ verb undergoes a Soft Mutation
RHAN 2

	1.	onibai (am)     	-	   were it not (for)

	‘Onibai’ is usually followed by ‘am’ 

			Onibai am y glaw	- 	Were it not for the rain
			Onibai am John	- 	Were it not for John 

	2.		Do you remember the personal forms of 'am'?

					amdana(f) i	amdanon ni
					amdanat ti	amdanoch chi
					am Tom, y car	amdanyn nhw
					amdano fe(fo)	amdanyn nhw
					amdani hi

			onibai amdani hi		-		were it not for her
				onibai amdanyn nhw	-	were it not for them

3.	The 'would' forms are normally used after 'onibai'

					Fe / Mi faswn i'n . . .		Fe / Mi fasen ni'n . . .
					Fe / Mi faset ti'n . . .		Fe / Mi fasech chi'n . . .
					Fe / Mi fasai Bill yn . . .		Fe / Mi fasen nhw'n . . .
						Fe / Mi fasai e(o)/hi'n . . .

		Onibai amdana' i, fe fasen ni’n colli'r bws.
		- Were it not for me, we would miss the bus.

		Onibai amdanat ti, fe fasai hi'n mynd i America.
		- Were it not for you, she would go to America.	
		
		Onibai am y glaw, fe fasen ni'n gallu mynd i'r parc.
		- Were it not for the rain, we would be able (could) to go to the park.

		Onibai am y plant, fe fasen ni'n gyfoethog!
		- Were it not for the children, we would be wealthy!

		Fe fasai hi'n dawel yn y tþ, onibai amdanyn nhw.
		- It would be quiet in the house, were it not for them.

	4.	The word order in a sentence can vary, as it can in English

		Onibai am y tywydd, fe fasen ni'n mynd i'r dre'.
		- Were it not for the weather, we’d go to town.

				Fa fasen ni'n mynd i'r dre', onibai am y tywydd.
		- We’d go to town, were it not for the weather.

	5.	By changing 'yn' to 'wedi' we can change the tense

		. . . . fe fasen ni'n mynd		-	we would go
		. . . . fe fasen ni wedi mynd		-	we would have gone

		. . . . fe fasai hi'n gweld		-	she would see
		. . . . fe fasai hi wedi gweld		-	she would have seen

		Onibai amdani hi, fe fasech chi wedi anghofio.
		- Were it not for her, you would have forgotten.

		Onibai amdano fe (fo), fe fasen nhw wedi cael damwain.
		- Were it not for him, they would have had an accident.

		Onibai amdanat ti, fe fasen ni wedi colli'r gêm.
		- Were it not for you, we would have lost the match (game).

		Onibai am John, fe faswn i wedi anghofio pen-blwydd Mair.
		- Were it not for John, I would have forgotten Mair's birthday.
	 
		Onibai amdanon ni, fe fasai Siân wedi gallu mynd i'r parti.
		- Were it not for us, Siân would have been able to go to the party.

		Fe fasai'r plentyn wedi boddi, onibai amdanoch chi.
		- The child would have drowned, were it not for you.