GWERS 84

CYFLWYNYDD:    BASIL DAVIES

NOD:	   Trafod saldra (illness). (Gweler Gwersi 45, 47 a 48)

	Geirfa

		    	       De Cymru			      Gogledd Cymru

	headache 	- 		pen tost			-			cur pen 
	backache	-		cefn tost			-			poen cefn 
	bad stomach	-	bola tost			-			poen stumog / bol 
	sore throat	-	gwddw(g) /  llwnc tost	-			dolur gwddw 	
	earache		-		clust dost						-			pigyn clust 
		bad arm				-		braich dost						-			braich boenus 
		bad leg				-		coes dost						-			coes boenus 
		sore leg				-		troed dost						-			coes boenus 
		painful hand			-		llaw dost						-			llaw boenus

		y frech goch		-		measles 		brech yr ieir	-	chicken pox	
		y ffliw			-		'flu			clefyd y		-	diabetes								                     siwgr

	teimlo			-		to feel			edrych		-		to look
	digwydd			-		to happen		cwympo		-	to fall
	gallu				-		to be able to	crynu		-	to shiver	chwysu				-		to perspire,	syrthio		-	to fall								     sweat			dodi			-	to put, place		tisian				-		to sneeze		siarad		-	to speak
		aros				-		to stay			plygu		-	to bend

		yn dost / sâl		-		ill			yn dda		-	well
		yn iawn			-		properly		chwaith		-	either	
		hefyd			-			also 			yn anffodus	-	unfortunately 
		yn ffit			-			fit 				o gwmpas 	-	around
		o gwbl			-		at all			'te			-	then
	bron			-		almost,			felly			-	therefore, so
						 nearly

		rhywbeth			-		something 		archwiliad	-	examination (medical) popeth			-		everything		annwyd		-	a cold
		peswch			-		a cough			gwres		-	a temperature	
		tabled(i)			-		tablet(s)			moddion	-	medicine
		pethau melys	-		sweet 			hances 		-	handkerchief							things	         (boced)			            
		meddyg			-		doctor 			tafod		-	tongue
		dyfarnwr			-		referee

		trwm			-			heavy			uchel		-	high
		cas				-	 	nasty

	a bod yn onest				-	to be honest
	Mae'n flin 'da fi!	 		- 	I'm sorry!
	Mae'n ddrwg gen i!		-	I’m sorry!

		yn crynu fel deilen		-	shaking like a leaf
		am dair wythnos			-	for three weeks
		cofia ofyn						-	remember to ask
		mewn rhyw ffordd		-	in some way
		Dyna ddiflas				-	That's (There's) miserable, awful
		Dyma wythnos!			-	What a week!
		chwysu fel mochyn		-	sweating like a pig
		dim symud					-	no moving
		chwarae teg					-	fair play

	
	
RHAN 1

	1.	Some simple statements

		'Dw i ddim yn teimlo'n dda (o gwbl).
		- I'm not feeling (at all) well.

		'Dw i'n teimlo'n sâl / dost.
		- I'm feeling ill.

2. 		The obvious question now is

		Beth sy'n bod?
			- What's the matter? / What's wrong?
	3.	In Welsh, the preposition 'ar' conveys the English ‘with’

		Beth sy'n bod ar Tom?
		- What’s the matter with Tom?

		Beth sy'n bod ar eich coes?
			- What's the matter with your leg?

		Beth sy'n bod ar fraich Bill?
		- What's wrong with Bill's arm?

	4.	Do you remember the personal forms of ‘ar’? 

			arna(f) i			arnon ni
			arnat ti				arnoch chi
			arno fe (fo)		arnyn nhw
			arni hi

		Beth sy'n bod arnoch chi?
			- What's the matter with you?
		
		Beth sy'n bod arnat ti?
			- What's the matter with you?
	
		Beth sy'n bod arnyn nhw?
			- What's wrong with them?

	5.	When we mention a part of the body, we use the 'possession’ pattern.

	In South Wales, the word  ‘'da’  can be used with all persons of the verb.

	In North Wales the various forms of 'gan' are used.

		'Dw i ddim yn gallu cerdded.
		- I can't walk. (I'm not able to walk)

		'Dw i ddim yn gallu cerdded, bron.
		- I can hardly walk.

		Mae coes dost 'da fi.
		Mae gen i goes boenus.
		- I have a bad leg.	
		'Dw i ddim yn gallu ysgrifennu - mae briach dost 'da fi.
		'Dw i ddim yn gallu ysgrifennu - mae gen i fraich boenus. 
		- I can't write - I have a bad arm.

	Notice how we mutate the words 'tost' and 'poenus' after a feminine noun

				braich dost  
				braich boenus

6.	In South Wales, the word 'tost' can be used to describe any part of the 
Body (mutated to 'dost' after nouns which are feminine, of course).

	In North Wales the word 'tost' is never used.  Instead the word 'poenus' (painful) can be used.

		Mae gen i fraich boenus
		Mae gen i goes boenus.

	Another pattern used in North Wales is to say that we have a pain in a certain part of the body.

		Mae gen i boen yn fy mraich.
		- I have a pain in my arm.
	
		Mae gen i boen yn fy nghoes.
		- I have a pain in my leg.

	7.	As you know, in North Wales - some ailments have their own terms   -   the
		different types of pain are specified.

			headache		-	cur pen
			sore throat	-	dolur gwddw
			earache		-	pigyn clust

		Mae pen tost 'da fi.
		Mae gen i gur pen.
		- I have a headache.

		Mae cefn tost 'da fi.
		Mae gen i boen cefn.
		- I have backache.
	
		Roedd gwddw(g) tost 'da fi.
		Roedd gen i ddolur gwddw.
		- I had a sore throat.

RHAN 2

	1.		Pam mae Gwen yn tisian?   -   Beth sy'n bod arni hi?
		- Why is Gwen sneezing?   -   What's wrong with her?

		Pam mae Alun yn chwysu   -   Beth sy'n bod arno fe (fo)?
		- Why is Alun sweating?   -   What's the matter with him?

		Pam dwyt ti ddim yn gallu siarad yn iawn?  -  Beth sy'n bod?
		- Why can't you speak properly? -  What's the matter?

	2.	You know by now that when no part of the body is mentioned, the 'ar' pattern is used to refer to the ailment.

	Think of these ailments as being caused by a cloud of germs or viruses which descend on us!!

			Mae annwyd arni hi.
		- She has a cold.

		Oes annwyd arni hi?
		- Has she got a cold?

		Mae gwres uchel arno fe (fo).
		- He has a high temperature.

		Mae peswch cas arna' i.
		- I have a nasty cough.

		Mae annwyd ar y plant.
		- The children have a cold.
				
		Roedd gwres arna' i.
		- I had a temperature.		
		Mae'r ffliw arna' i.  'Dw i'n crynu fel deilen.
		- I have 'flu.  I'm shaking like a leaf.

		Roedd y frech goch ar y plant.  Doedden nhw ddim yn gallu mynd allan.
		- The children had measles.  They couldn't go out (weren't able to 
   out).

		Roedd brech yr ieir ar Siân, felly, aeth hi ddim i'r ysgol am dair wythnos.
			- Siân had chicken pox, so she didn't go to school for three weeks.

		Mae clefyd y siwgr ar Mr Jones felly dydy e ddim yn gallu bwyta pethau melys.
			- Mr Jones has diabetes, so he can't eat sweet things.

	3.	Notice that the definite article (‘y’) is used in front of some ailments

					y ffliw     
					y frech goch

	4.	Pedair sgwrs

		Delyth:	Helo, hei, dwyt ti ddim yn edrych yn dda.
		Gwyn:	'Dw i ddim yn teimlo'n dda o gwbl.
		Delyth:	Beth sy'n bod?	
		Gwyn:	Mae cefn tost 'da fi a 'dw i ddim yn gallu cerdded.
		Delyth:	Beth ddigwyddodd?
		Gwyn:	Fe gwympais i (Fe syrthiais i) ar yr eira.
		Delyth:	Mae'n flin 'da fi.	

		Ffion:	Beth sy'n bod arnoch chi?  Dydych chi ddim yn gallu cerdded 	bron.
		Hanna:	Nac ydw, mae coes dost 'da fi.
		Ffion:	Beth ddigwyddodd?
		Hanna:	Roeddwn i'n peintio o gwmpas y tþ ac fe syrthiais i (fe 	gwympais i)
		Ffion:	Ydych chi wedi torri rhywbeth?
		Hanna:	Nac ydw.  Fe es i i'r ysbyty i gael archwiliad ond roedd 	popeth yn iawn.
		Ffion:	Mae rhaid i chi fod yn ofalus, 'te.

		Iona:	Fe welais i Mair ddoe.  Doedd hi ddim yn edrych yn dda.
		Non:	A doedd hi ddim yn teimlo'n dda chwaith (either).
		Iona:	Beth oedd yn bod?
		Non:	Roedd annwyd trwm arni hi, yn anffodus, a hefyd roedd 	gwres uchel arni hi.
		Iona:	Aeth hi i weld y meddyg?
		Non:	Do, ac fe gafodd hi foddion a thabledi.
		Iona:	Aeth hi i'r gwaith?
		Non:	Do, ond a bod yn onest, doedd hi ddim yn ffit i fynd o gwbl!

	Yn y syrjeri / feddygfa    -    In the surgery

		Meddyg:			Sut rydych chi, Mr Walker?
		Mr Walker:		Ddim yn dda o gwbl, Doctor.
		Meddyg:			Wel, beth sy'n bod arnoch chi?
		Mr Walker:		Mae annwyd trwm arna' i ac mae peswch cas arna' i 				hefyd.  Ac mae llwnc tost 'da fi.
		Meddyg:			Wel, yn wir, rydych chi'n edrych yn dwym.
		Mr Walker:		Rydw i'n chwysu fel mochyn!
		Meddyg:			Dodwch y thermometr 'ma dan eich tafod. . .  Hm!  				Uchel.  Mae'r ffliw arnoch chi, Mr Walker.
		Mr Walker:			Y ffliw?	
		Meddyg:			Ie'r ffliw!  Arhoswch yn eich gwely am wythnos!
		Mr Walker:		Wythnos?
		Meddyg:			Ie.
		Mr Walker:		Ond mae gêm 'da fi ddydd Sadwrn, Doctor!
		Meddyg:			Dim gêm i chi, Mr Walker, a dim symud o'r gwely.
		Mr Walker:		O!  Chwarae teg . . .
		Meddyg:			Prynhawn da, Mr Walker.

Very often, far too much is made of the difference between North Walian Welsh and South Walian Welsh. As with all languages, Welsh has its dialects  -  which are far more numerous than merely ‘North Walian’ and ‘South Walian’! 

But let’s deal with the very few differencs between North and South. And I do mean ‘very few’! There are only a handful of words which are confined in their use to  either North or South Wales. And there is only one  -  yes, one  -  main language pattern which is completely different. That pattern is the one we call the ‘possession’ pattern.

The main reason people feel that there is a great deal of difference between ‘North Walian’ and ‘South Walian ‘ Welsh is becaue the language sounds so different. The patterns are largely the same and the vocabulary is the same, with a few exceptions. But pronunciation does vary. The northern vowels are far more ‘open’ than the southern ‘narrow’ ones.

In talking about illnesses and ailments, we see two of the differnces mentioned above  -  the ‘possesion pattern’ and the way certain ailments are named. The use of ‘tost’ is confined to southern areas  -  and northern areas have precise terms for certain ailments.