GWERS 78		                     

CYFLWYNYDD:      BASIL DAVIES

NOD:	      Adolygu  ‘this . . .', 'that . . .', 'these . . .'  a  'those . . .'.

	Geirfa

	plât	-	plate 	platiau	-	plates
	teisen   f	-	cake 	teisennau/od	-	cakes
	cacen(nau)  f	-	cake(s) 	cwpan(au)	-	cup(s)		
	coffi	-	coffee	rhaglen(ni)  f	-	programme(s)
	llyfr(au)	-	book(s)	darlun(iau)	-	picture(s)
	llestri	-	dishes	te	-	tea
	cylchgrawn	-	magazine 	cylchgronau	-	magazines	
	ceir	-	cars	ysgol(ion)  f	-	school(s)	
	crys	-	shirt	trowsus	-	trousers
	papur(au)	-	paper(s)		(singular in Welsh)
	caset(iau)	-	casset(tes)	menig	-	gloves
	tywydd	-	weather	esgid(iau)  f	-	shoe(s)			hosan(au)   f	-	sock(s)  / 	sgert(iau)  f	-	skirt(s)	        			            stocking(s)	eisin	-	icing
	siwmper(i)  f	-	jumper(s)	blows/en  f	-	blouse		cot(iau)  f	-	coat(s)	pethau melys-	sweet things	
	brechdan(au)  f	-	sandwich(es)

	glân	-	clean	brwnt (SW)	-	dirty
	cryf	-	strong	budr (NW)	-	dirty
	gwan	-	weak	hen	-	old
	newydd	-	new	drud	-	expensive
	diddorol	-	interesting	rhad	-	cheap
	melys	-	sweet	blasus	-	tasty
	llac	-	loose	tynn	-	tight
	cynnes	-	warm	oer	-	cold
	cyfforddus	-	comfortable	ffasiynol	-	fashionable
	chwith	-	left	de	-	right

	gormod	-	too much 	bendigedig	-	wonderful
	llawn (o)	-	full (of) 	plaen	-	plain

	edrych	-	to look 	ffitio	-		to fit
	piau	-	to own

RHAN 1

	1.	y / yr . . . . 'ma       -       this / these . . . .

	The noun (singular or plural) which is linked to the word 'this' or ‘these’ is placed between ‘y / yr’ and ‘'ma’. 

	y car 'ma		-		this car
	yr ysgol 'ma		-		this school
	y ferch 'ma		-		this girl

	y ceir ‘ma		-		these cars	
	yr ysgolion 'ma	-		these schools
	y merched 'ma	-		these girls

	Mae'r cwpan 'ma'n frwnt (fudr).
	- This cup is dirty.

	Ydych chi'n hoffi'r coffi 'ma?
	- Do you like this coffee?

	Mae'r deisen (gacen) 'ma'n felys.
	- This cake is sweet.

	Mae'r llyfr 'ma'n ddiddorol iawn.
	- This book is very interesting..

	Ydy'r dillad 'ma'n lân?
	- Are these clothes clean?

	Beth sy' yn y brechdanau 'ma?
- What's in these sandwiches?

	2.	y / yr . . .'na	    -	   that / those . . .

	The noun (singular or plural) which is linked to the word 'that' is placed 
	between ‘y’ and’ 'na’

	y ferch 'na			-		that girl
	y plât 'na			-		that plate
	y frechdan 'na		-		that sandwich

	y merched 'na		-		those girls
	y plâtiau 'na			-		those plates
	y brechdanau 'na		-		those sandwiches

	Mae'r coffi 'na'n edrych yn wan.
	- That coffee looks weak.

	Oedd y car 'na'n ddrud?
	- Was that car expensive?

	Ydy'r cwpan 'na'n lân?
	- Is that cup clean?

	Mae'r deisen (gacen) 'na'n flasus iawn.
	- That cake is very tasty.

	Mae'r llyfrau 'na'n ddiddorol.
	- Those books are interesting.

	Roedd y darluniau 'na'n ddrud.
	- Those pictures were expensive.

	Mae'r teisennod 'na'n felys iawn.
	- Those cakes are very sweet.

	3.	Remember that ‘y / yr’ becomes ‘’r’ if the previous word ends in a vowel.

	Mae'r llyfrau 'na'n ddiddorol.
	- Those books are interesting.
		Ydy'r dillad 'ma'n lân?
		- Are these clothes clean?

	4.	When a noun is plural, it never mutates after 'y' - even if it is 				feminine.

	y deisen 'ma	-	y teisennau 'ma
	y gacen 'ma		-	y cacennau 'ma
	y frechdan 'na	-	y brechdanau 'na

	It is only a singular, feminine noun which undergoes a Soft Mutation 	after 'y'.

RHAN 2

	
	1.	I'm sure you remember the 'command' forms

	gwisgo	-	Gwisga! 	(TI)
						Gwisgwch!	(CHI)

	2.	hwn / hon   	    -	     this (one)

When we wish to say 'this (one)' without linking it to a noun we use 'hwn' when the thing to which we refer is masculine and 'hon' when the thing to which we refer is feminine.

If in doubt - use the masculine but remember that most articles of clothing are feminine.

	Mae hwn yn hen.	     (car)	
	- This (one) is old.

	'Dw i ddim yn hoffi gwisgo'r trowsus 'ma.  Mae hwn yn rhy dynn.
	- I don't like wearing this (pair of) trousers. This is too tight.
		  (‘trowsus’ is singular in Welsh)

	Mae hwn yn frwnt.  'Dw i ddim yn gallu gwisgo'r crys 'ma i'r gwaith.
	- This (one) is dirty.  I can't wear this shirt to work.	

	Gwisga'r cap 'ma!  Mae hwn yn edrych yn smart.
	- Wear this cap! This (one) looks smart.

	Mae hon yn ddrud.     (ffrog)		
	-This is expensive.

	'Dw i'n hoffi gwisgo'r got 'ma i'r gwaith. Mae hon yn gynnes
	yn y tywydd oer.
	- I like wearing this coat to work. This (one) is warm in the cold 	 		weather.

	Mae'r esgid dde 'ma'n iawn - ond mae hon - y chwith - yn rhy dynn.
	- This right shoe is alright - but this (one) - the left - is too tight.

	Gwisga'r sgert 'ma!  Mae hon yn ffasiynol.
	- Wear this skirt!  This (one) is fashionable.

	3.	hwnna / honna	  -	  that (one)

In the same way, we use 'hwnna' to convey a masculine 'that (one)' and we  use 'honna' to convey a feminine 'that (one)'.

	Ydy hwnna'n gyfforddus?	   (gwely)
	- Is that comfortable?

	Gwisgwch y crys 'na!  Mae hwnna'n ffitio'n dda.
	- Wear that shirt!  That (one) fits well.

	Roedd honna'n flasus.    (teisen / cacen)		
	- That was tasty.

	Gwisga'r got 'na!  Mae honna'n gynnes yn y tywydd oer.
	- Wear that coat!  That (one) is warm in the cold weather.

	4.	y rhain       -	    these

	Used without a noun to convey 'these'

	Mae'r rhain yn hen.			
	- These are old.

	Ydy'r rhain yn flasus?	
	- Are these tasty?

	5.	y rheina     -      those

	Used without a noun to convey 'those'

	Roedd y rheina'n felys.	
	- Those were sweet.

	'Dw i'n hoffi'r rheina.		
	- I like those.

	6.	piau	   -	to own

	(a)	There is a Soft Mutation after ‘Pwy?’

	Pwy biau?	    -	  Who owns?

	Pwy biau'r rhain?     ('sanau)
	- Who owns these?

	Pwy biau'r rheina?     (papurau)
	- Who owns those?
	Pwy biau hon?     (cardigan)
		- Who owns this?

  	(b)	We place the name of the owner at the beginning of the sentence.
		There is no mutation.

	Fi piau		-	I own
	Tom piau		-	Tom owns
	Mary piau		-	Mary owns
	Y plant piau		-	The children own

		Pwy biau'r rhain?     (llyfrau)
		- Who owns these?

		Fi piau'r rheina.
		- I own those.

		Pwy biau hwnna?     (car)
		- Who owns that?

		Tad Mair piau fe.
		- Mair’s father owns it.

(c) 	By placing a question mark at the end and changing the tone  
	of voice a statement can be turned into a question.

	Fi piau'r rhain.	 (brechdanau)
	- I own these.
	Fi piau'r rhain?	
	- Do I own these?

	Mary piau hwnna.	(coffi)
	- Mary owns that.
	Mary piau hwnna?	
	- Does Mary own that?

	Ti piau'r rhain.     (menig)
	- You own these.
	Ti piau'r rhain?
	- Do you own these?

		(ch)	The way to say ‘Yes / No’ to such a question is

	Yes	  -	Ie
	No	  -	Nage

	Mary piau'r rheina?   -	Ie!
	- Does Mary own those?    -   Yes! 
	- Is it Mary who owns those?  -  Yes!
			
	Chi piau hwnna?   -   Nage, John!	
	- Do you own that?   - No, John!
			
	Fi piau'r rheina?  -   Ie / Nage.
	- Do I own those?  -  Yes / No.

	7.	Sgwrs

	Mae Nigel a Basil mewn parti

		Nigel:		Wyt ti'n hoffi'r bwyd 'ma?
		Basil:		Ydw.  Mae'r bwyd 'ma'n neis iawn.  A ti?
Nigel:		Ydw, mae'r bwyd 'ma'n rhy neis.  'Dw i'n bwyta           	 gormod.
		Basil:		Edrycha ar y rheina!
		Nigel:		Y teisennod 'pinc 'na?
		Basil:		Ie, y rheina.  Mae'r rheina'n edrych yn fendigedig.
		Nigel:		Maen nhw'n llawn eisin a dydy eisin ddim yn dda i fi.
		Basil:		Beth am y rhain - y teisennod plaen 'ma?  Cymera un!
Nigel:		YM!  Mae hon yn flasus iawn.  Dim eisin a dim yn  	 	 rhy felys.  Wyt ti eisiau un?
	Basil		Nac ydw, dim diolch; mae'n well 'da fi honna - y   			 deisen binc 'na.  'Dw i'n hoffi pethau melys.