GWERS 76

CYFLWYNYDD:     ANN M. JONES

NOD:	  Defnyddio ffurfiau personol 'bod'  (using the personal forms of 'bod').

	Geirfa

	gartre(f)	-	at home	trên					-	train
	
	meddwl	-	to think	credu				-		to believe
	siðr	-	to be sure	clywed				-	to hear
	dweud 	-	to say 	gwybod			-	to know
		cwrdd â		-		to meet		cydnabod		-		to acknowledge
		cyfarfod â	-		to meet		'nabod 			- 	to know (a person)
		darllen		-	to read		cofio ati hi	-	to remember to her
		dweud wrth	-	to tell	

		sâl			-		ill			eisiau bwyd	-		hungry
		yn well			-		better 		iawn				-			right, correct		
		yn briod			-	married	hwyr				-			late			
		tew				-	fat			cynnar			-			early			
		golygus		-		handsome	pert	 (S.W.)	-		pretty
		gwych		-	excellent	tlws (N.W.)	-		pretty
		gwan		-	weak		gwell				-		better
		yn cysgu	-	asleep,
						sleeping

	cyfreithiwr	-	solicitor	drama  f			-		play
		pas			-	lift			actorion			-	actors

		hefyd		-	too, also	o hyd				-	still

RHAN 1

	1.	 As we saw in Gwers 74, 'bod' can only be followed by a noun

				.....bod y plant
				.....bod Tom
				.....bod y ffilm
		‘Dw i’n meddwl bod John yn gweithio yn Lerpwl yr wythnos ‘ma.
		- I think that John is working in Liverpool this week.

		Fe ddywedodd hi fod y ffilm yn ardderchog.
		- She said that the film was excellent.

	2.	When we use a personal pronoun  (e.g. that I)  then notice what happens

				fy mod i    -    that I am / was

	'Fy' is used in front of 'bod' causing the usual Nasal Mutation   -   and 
	we use the confirming 'i' to finish the pattern

		'Dw i'n meddwl fy mod i'n hwyr.
		- I think that I'm late.

		Fe ddywedodd hi fy mod i'n dew.
		- She said that I was fat.

	As you know the word 'fy' can be omitted in ordinary speech   -   in the 
         same way that we can omit the word 'that' in English

				Mae hi'n gwybod (fy) mod i'n dod heno.
				- She knows (that) I'm coming tonight.

			'Dw i'n gwybod (fy) mod i'n rhy dew.
			- I know (that) I am too fat.

		Fe ddywedodd, Tom ‘mod i'n rhy hwyr.
		- Tom said I was too late.

		Remember that both Present and Past Tenses can be conveyed by the
		same pattern	

		Mae Tom yn dweud ‘mod i’n rhy hwyr.
		- Tom says that I am too late.

		Mi ddywedodd Tom mod i’n rhy hwyr.
		- Tom said that I was too late.

	3.	The second person singular, familiar

		'Dy' is used in front of ‘bod’ causing a Soft Mutation and the confirming 
		‘ti’ completes the pattern.

				dy fod ti    -    that you are / were

		'Dw i'n meddwl dy fod ti'n 'nabod Bill.
		- I think (that) you know Bill.

		What ti'n gwybod dy fod ti'n hwyr?
		- Do you know (that) you're late?

		Fe ddywedodd hi dy fod ti'n mynd ar y bws.
		- She said that you were going by bus.

4. 		The second person singular,’polite’ and plural

		No mutation after ‘eich’. The confirming ‘chi’ completes the pattern.

				eich bod chi    -    that you are / were

		Fe ddywedodd Tom eich bod chi’n mynd.
		- Tom said (that) you were going.

		Fe ddywedodd Tom eich bod chi wedi mynd.
		- Tom said (that) you had gone.

		Mi glywais i eich bod chi'n sâl.
- I heard (that) you were ill.

RHAN 2

	1.	The third person singular, feminine

		No mutation after ‘ei’ (feminine). The confirning ‘hi’ completes 
		pattern.

					ei bod hi    -    that she is / was
		Pwy ddywedodd ei bod hi'n dod heno?
		- Who said (that) she was coming tonight?

		Mae Tom yn meddwl ei bod hi'n bert.
		- Tom thinks (that) she is pretty.

	2.	The third person singular, masculine

		‘ei (masculine) is followed by a Soft Mutation and the confirming ‘e / o’ 
		completes the pattern.

					ei fod e(o)    -    that he is / was

			Wyt ti'n meddwl ei fod e(o)'n olygus?
			- Do you think (that) he's handsome?

			Roedd Mair yn credu ei fod e(o)'n gyfreithiwr.
			- Mair believed (that) he was a solicitor.

	3.	The first person plural

		There is n mutation after ‘ein’. The confirming ‘ni’ completes 
		pattern

				ein bod ni    -    that we are / were

		Wyt ti'n siðr ein bod ni'n cael pas gyda Tom?
		- Are you sure (that) we're having a lift with Tom?

		Mae hi'n dweud ein bod ni'n rhy dew.
		- She says (that) we're  too fat.

	4.	The third person plural

		There is no mutation after ‘eu’. The confirming ‘nhw’ completes 
		pattern.

				eu bod nhw   -   that they are / were

		Fe ddarllenais i eu bod nhw wedi cael damwain.
		- I read (that) they'd had an accident.		

			'Dw i'n meddwl eu bod nhw'n actorion gwych.
			- I think (that) they're excellent actors.

	5.	Here are the personal forms of 'bod' in full

			(fy) mod i			ein bod ni
			dy fod ti			eich bod chi
			ei fod e(o)			eu bod nhw
			ei bod hi

	6.	Sgwrs

		Delyth:		Shwmai Gareth?  Shwd wyt ti?
		Gareth:		Iawn, diolch.  Shwd mae Dafydd ar ôl y ffliw?
					Ydy e'n well?
		Delyth:		Wel mae e 'n dweud ei fod e'n well -  ond mae e'n 		wan iawn o hyd.
		Gareth:		Roedd Mair yn dweud neithiwr ei bod hi'n teimlo'n 		dost.  'Dw i'n meddwl bod y ffliw arni hi hefyd.  Ond 		mae'r plant yn dweud eu bod nhw'n iawn, diolch 		byth.
		Delyth:		Cofia ddweud wrth Mair (fy) mod i'n cofio ati hi.