GWERS 72

CYFLWYNYDD:    ANN M. JONES

NOD:	   Trafod y teulu

	Geirfa

	yn briod	-	married	yn ddi-briod	-	unmarried
	yn wreiddiol	-	originally	yn fyw	-	alive

		tal			-		tall		byr		-	short
		tenau			-		thin		tew	-	fat
		golau			-		fair		tywyll	-	dark
		cyrliog		-		curly		syth	-	straight
	hir	-	long 	gwyrdd	-	green
		glas			-		blue		brown	-	brown
		
	blwyddyn  f	-	year	enw(au)	-	name(s)
	blynyddoedd	-	years	oed / oedran	-	age
	gðr	-	husband	gwraig  f	-	wife
		taid (NW)		-	grandfather	nain f (NW)	-	grandmother	
		tad-cu			-	grandfather	mam-gu f	-	grandmother
		rhieni			-	parents 		y llynedd	-	last year
		brawd			-		brother		brodyr	-	brothers
		chwaer  f		-		sister			chwiorydd	-	sisters
		
		byw			-	to live		colli	-		to lose
		symud		-	to move		dod	-	to come
		'nabod		-	to know

		yn ™l			-	ago (back)	dyma	-	here is
	er / ers	-	since			this is

RHAN 1		

		1.		Wyt ti'n briod? -  Ydw!
		- Are you married?   -  Yes!

		Ydych chi'n briod?   -   Nac ydw, ‘dw i’n ddi-briod!	
		- Are you married?  -   No, I’m unmarried!
		2.	Ers pryd?	     -          Since when?

			In Welsh, all we need to do is use the Present Tense after this pattern.	

			Ers pryd rwyt ti'n briod?  
		- Since when are you married (have you been married)?

		3.	er / ers        -       since

	Strictly speaking, ‘ers’ is used in front of a 'general' time expression.

			ers mis		-	since a month
			ers blynyddoedd	-	since (for) years

	It is often translated as 'for' in English.  

	On the other hand, ‘er’ is used in front of a specific time expression.

			er 1967		-	since 1967
				er Mis Mai		-	since May

	This rule is often broken by Welsh speakers themselves, so don't worry too much about it!

			Ers pryd rwyt ti'n briod?  
		- Since when are you married (have you been married)?
		O, ers blynyddoedd!
		- Oh, years! (for / since years)

		Ers pryd rydych chi'n briod?
		- Since when have you been married?	
		Er mil naw saith dau.
		- Since 1972.

		4.	Notice

		un ferch 	- 	dwy ferch 		- 	tair merch 	- 	pedair merch
		un mab 	- 	dau fab 		- 	tri mab 	- 	pedwar mab

			Oes plant 'da ti?  Oes plant 'da chi?   -   Oes, mae dwy ferch 'da fi (gen i).
		(Oes gen ti blant?  Oes gynnoch chi blant?)
		- Do you have children?   -  Yes, I have two daughters.

		5.	Notice

			enw dy wraig / ðr	-	your wife / husband's name
			enw eich merch / mab	-	your daughter / son's name
				enwau dy blant	-	your children's names

			Beth ydy enw dy wraig?  -  Mary.
		- What's your wife's name?  -  Mary.

		Beth ydy enwau eich plant?  -  Hanna a Buddug.
		- What are your children’s names?  -  Hanna and Buddug.

	After ‘ei’ (feminine) and ‘eu’ the letter ‘h’ grows in front of a word which begins with a vowel  (e.g. ‘oed’ and ‘enw’)

		Beth ydy eu henwau?  -  Dylan a Gareth.
		- What are their names?  -  Dylan and Gareth.

		Beth ydy ei henw?  -  Sioned.
		- What’s her name?  -  Sioned.

		Beth ydy ei enw?  -  Gwyn.
		What’s his name?  -  Gwyn.

	6.	The word ‘blwydd’ is used to convey ‘years of age’  (not ‘blwyddyn’) -  though it can be omitted altogether

	Don’t forget that ‘blwydd’ is feminine, so the feminine forms of 2, 3 and 4 must be used

		dwy flwydd (oed)	-   two years (old)	tair blwydd      	-     three years 
		pedair blwydd      -  	four years 	pum mlwydd   	-     five years 
		chwe blwydd        -	six years 	saith mlwydd   	-     seven years 
		wyth mlwydd       -	  eight years   	naw mlwydd	 -     nine years
		deng mlwydd	    -    ten years 		ugain mlwydd  	-     twenty years 

			Faint ydy eu hoed(ran)?  -  Dwy a chwech!
			- How old are they?  (What are their ages?)  -  Two and six!

			Mae Si‰n yn un oed / yn flwydd oed.
			- Siân is one.

			Mae Bethan yn ddwy / yn ddwy oed / yn ddwy flwydd oed.
			- Bethan is two (years old / of age)

			Mae Bob yn dair / yn dair oed / yn dair blwydd oed.
			- Bob is three.

			Mae Gareth yn bedair / yn bedair oed / yn bedair blwydd oed.
			- Gareth is four.

	7.		O ble mae hi'n dod yn wreiddiol?  -  O Glasgow.
		- From where does she come originally?  -  From Glagow.

	8.	byw   	-        to live

		Ble mae dy frawd  dy chwaer yn byw?  (eich brawd / chwaer)
		- Where does your brother / sister live?

		Pryd daeth e (o) i Gymru i fyw?
		- When did he come to Wales to live?

		Pryd aeth hi i Sbaen / i Fangor i fyw?
			- When did she go to Spain / to Bangor to live?

		We could also use the verb ‘symud’ (to move)

		Pryd symudodd e (o) i Sbaen?
		- When did he move to Spain?

		Pryd symudon nhw i Gymru i fyw?
		- When did they move to Wales to live?
	9.	Notice the difference between the following

				yn byw  	-        living      
				yn fyw  	-        alive

			Ydyn nhw'n fyw?		  -	  Are they alive?
			Ydyn nhw'n byw yn Sbaen?   -      Do they live in Spain?	
		
		Ydy dy rieni'n fyw?  (Ydy'ch rhieni'n fyw?)  -  Ydyn!
		- Are your parents alive?  -  Yes (they are)!

		Ydy dy fam-gu'n fyw?  (Ydy'ch mam-gu'n fyw?)  -  Nac ydy!
- Is your grandmother alive?  -  No (she isn’t)!

	10.	bu farw  (buodd farw)        -        died

			Pryd bu(odd) farw dy dad-cu?  -  Y llynedd!
			Pryd bu(odd) dy dad-cu farw?
			- When did your grandfather die?  -  Last year!

		The two words can be split as in the second question

	11.	colli	     -	to lose

		Pryd collaist ti dy fam-gu?  (Pryd colloch chi eich mam-gu?)  -  Ym  	mil naw wyth dau!
		- When did you lose your grandmother?  -  In 1982!

	12.	When counting years (not ages) we use the feminine word ‘blynedd’ for ‘year’

		dwy flynedd   	-   	two years	tair blynedd	-     three years
		pedair blynedd 	- 	four years	pum mlynedd	-     five years
		chwe blynedd	-	six years	saith mlynedd    	-     seven years
		wyth mlynedd	-	eight years  	naw mlynedd	   	-     nine years
		deng mlynedd		-	ten years		ugain mlynedd 	-     twenty years

			Pryd bu(odd) dy dad-cu (dy daid) farw?
			- When did your grandfather die?
			Naw mlynedd yn ôl!
			- Nine years ago!

			Pryd collaist ti dy fam-gu (dy nain)?
			- When did you lose your grandmother?
			Ddwy flynedd yn ôl!
			- Two years ago!

RHAN 2

	1.		Oes brawd 'da ti?  (Oes brawd 'da chi?)  -  Oes, dau!
		(Oes gen ti frawd?  Oes gynnoch chi frawd?)
		- Do you have a brother?  -  Yes, two!

		Oes brodyr 'da ti?  (Oes brodyr 'da chi?)  -  Nac oes!
		(Oes gen ti frodyr?  Oes gynnoch chi frodyr?)
		- Do you have (any) brothers?  -  No!

			Beth ydy ei enw (e / o)?
		- What is his name?

		Beth ydy eu henwau (nhw)?
		- What are their names?

		Ydy e (o)  / Ydyn nhw'n gweithio?
		- Is he / Are they working?

		Ble mae e (o) / maen nhw'n byw?
		- Where does he / do they live?

		Ydy e (o) / Ydyn nhw'n briod?
		- Is he / Are they married?

		Oes plant 'da fe / 'da nhw?
		Oes ganddo fo / ganddyn nhw blant?
		- Does he / Do they have children?

		

	2.		Oes chwaer 'da ti?  (Oes chwaer 'da chi?)  -  Oes, dwy!
		(Oes gen ti chwaer?  Oes gynnoch chi chwaer?)
		- Do you have a sister?  -  Yes, two!

		Oes chwiorydd 'da ti?  (Oes chwiorydd 'da chi?)  -  Nac oes!
		(Oes gen ti chwiorydd?  Oes gynnoch chi chwiorydd?)
		- Do you have (any) sisters?  -  No!
		
			Beth ydy ei henw (hi)?
		- What is her name?

		Beth ydy eu henwau (nhw)?
		- What are their names?

		Ydy hi / Ydyn nhw'n gweithio?
		- Is she /Are they working?

		Ble mae hi / maen nhw'n byw?
		- Where does she / do they live?

		Ydy hi / Ydyn nhw'n briod?
		- Is she / Are they married?	

	3.	Notice	

			enw ei gðr				-	her husband's name 
										(the name of her husband)
			enw gðr Jane			-	Jane's husband's name 
										(the name of Jane's husband)
			enw gðr dy chwaer		-	your sister's husband's name 
						    (the name of the husband of your sister)	
		
		Beth ydy enw ei gðr?  -  Gerwyn!
		- What's her husband's name?  -  Gerwyn!

		Beth oedd enw gðr Bethan?  -  Elwyn!
		- What was Bethan’s husband’s name?  -  Elwyn!

		Beth ydy enw gðr dy chwaer?  -  Morgan!
		- What’s your sister’s husband’s name?  -  Morgan!

			enw ei wraig			-	his wife's name 
									(the name of his wife)
			enw gwraig Bill			-	Bill's wife's name 
									(the name of Bill's wife)
			enw gwraig dy frawd	-	your brother's wife's name
									 (the name of the wife of your brother)

		Beth ydy enw ei wraig?
		- What's his wife's name?

		Beth oedd enw gwraig Elwyn?  -   Bethan!
		- What was Elwyn’s wife’s name?  -  Bethan!

		Beth ydy enw gwraig dy frawd?  -  Megan!
		- What’s your brother’s wife’s name?  -  Megan!

	4.	Look at these examples

		yn dalach na	-	taller than			yn fyrrach na		-	shorter than
		yn dewach na	-	fatter than			yn deneuach na	-	thinner than
		yn ifancach na	-	younger than		yn henach na		-	older than
		(yn iau na		-	younger than)	(yn hþn na		-	older than)

			Disgrifia hi / e (o) / nhw.
			- Describe her / him / them.

			Mae Bethan yn deneuach na Deian.
			- Bethan is thinner than Deian.

			Ydy Kevin yn dalach na ti?  -  Ydy!
			- Is Kevin taller than you?  -  Yes!

			Mae Una’n ifancach (iau) na Sonia.
			- Una is younger than Sonia.

			Mae gwallt cyrliog, du ‘da Delyth / ‘da hi.
			Mae gan Delyth / ganddi hi wallt cyrliog, du.
			- Delyth / she has black, curly hair.

			Mae llygaid gwyrdd ‘da Ben / ‘da fe.
			Mae gan Ben / ganddo fo lygaid gwyrdd.
			- Ben / He has green eyes.

	5.	yn debyg i	     -	     like, similar to 

		Ydy hi'n debyg i ti?
		- Is she like you?

			Mae Dilys yn debyg i Mary, fy ngwraig.
			- Dilys is like Mary, my wife.

6.	Some conversations

 		(with apologies from Eleri for being so nosey!)

		Eleri:		Helo, Tom - shwd wyt ti?
		Tom:		Da iawn diolch.  Wyt ti'n 'nabod Mair?
		Eleri:		Nac ydw.  Shwd 'ych chi Mair?
		Mair:		Da iawn diolch.
		Eleri:		O ble rydych chi'n dod?
		Mair:		O Borthcawl.
		Eleri:	.	Ydych chi'n briod?
	Mair:		Ydw.  John ydy enw fy ngðr.
		Eleri:		Oes plant 'da chi?
		Mair:		Oes - mae un ferch ac un mab 'da fi.
		Eleri:		Beth ydy eu henwau?
		Mair:		Bethan a Si™n.
		Eleri:		Faint ydy eu hoedran?
		Mair:		Mae Bethan yn bump oed ac mae Si™n yn dair.
	Eleri:		Hyfryd iawn.

		Eleri:		Ydy dy rieni'n fyw, Bill?
		Bill:		Ydyn.
		Eleri:		Ble maen nhw'n byw?
		Bill:		Yn Coventry nawr.  Roedden nhw'n arfer byw yng 			Nghaerdydd.
		Eleri:		Pryd aethon nhw i Coventry i fyw?
		Bill:		Dair blynedd yn ™l.	
		Eleri:		Ydy dy fam-gu a dy dad-cu'n fyw?
		Bill:		Mae fy mam-gu'n fyw.
		Eleri:		Pryd bu dy dad-cu farw?
	Bill:		Fe gollais i (fy) nhad-cu ym mil naw wyth tri.

		Eleri:		Wyt ti'n briod Bethan?
		Bethan:	Ydw.
		Eleri:		Beth ydy enw dy ðr (di)?
		Bethan:	Robin.
		Eleri:		Ers pryd rydych chi'n briod?
		Bethan:	Ers deng mlynedd.
		Eleri:		Oes plant 'da chi?
		Bethan:	Oes - un ferch, Si‰n.
		Eleri:		Faint ydy ei hoed(ran) hi?
		Bethan:	Mae hi'n bedair oed.
		Eleri:		Ble mae dy rieni'n byw?
		Bethan:	Yn Abertawe.
		Eleri:		Oes brawd neu chwaer 'da ti?
		Bethan:	Oes, un brawd ac un chwaer.
		Eleri:		Ydyn nhw'n briod?
		Bethan:	Ydyn - ond does dim plant 'da nhw.
		Eleri:		Ydy dy chwaer yn debyg i ti?
		Bethan:	Ydy - ond mae hi'n dalach na fi.
		Eleri:		Ydy dy dad-cu'n fyw?
		Bethan:	Nac ydy - fe gollais i (fy) nhadcu dair blynedd yn ™l.  Ond mae 
				mam-gu'n fyw ac yn byw yn Aberystwyth.