GWERS 71 

CYFLWYNYDD:    CENNARD DAVIES

NOD:	   Dysgu sut i brynu nwyddau.  (Learning how to buy goods)

	Geirfa

		nwyddau	-		goods	papur(au)	-	paper(s)
		carden  f	-		card	cardiau	-	cards
		cerdyn	-		card 	cylchgrawn	-	magazine
		cot(iau)  f	-		coat(s)	het(iau)  f	-	hat(s)
		ffrog(iau)   f	-		dress(es)	sgert(iau)  f	-	skirt(s)
		esgid(iau)  f	-		shoe(s)	siaced(i)  f	-	jacket(s)
		crys(au)	-		shirt(s)	tei(teis)	-	tie(s)	

		fanma(fan yma)	-		here	ar y chwith	-	on the left
		fanna (fan yna)	-		over there 	ar y dde	-	on the right

		hwnna (masc)	-	that	hwn (masc)	-	this
		honna (fem)	-	that	hon (fem)	-	this
		y rheina	-		those	y rhain	-	these

		gwyn / gwen	-	white	du	-	black
		melyn / melen	-	yellow	coch	-	red
		gwyrdd /	-		green 	glas	-	blue
	            gwerdd 				llwyd	-	grey
		brown	-	brown	

		drud		-		expensive	rhad	-	cheap
		hyfryd			-	lovely, nice	ofnadwy	-	terrible
		hir / llaes		-	long	byr	-	short
		tynn			-	light	llac	-	loose
		perffaith			-	perfect

		hefyd			-	too, also	y . . . 'ma	-	this
		iawn				-	very	eithaf	-	quite
		rhy				-	too	o lawer	-	by far, much
		
		prynu	-		to buy	gwerthu	-	to sell

		carden / cerdyn  Nadolig 	- 	a Christmas card
		carden / cerdyn pen-blwydd 	- 	a birthday  card

		Beth am?			-	What about?
RHAN 1

	1.	Various questions / statements you could use when making purchases

(a)		Ga’ i…..?       -      May I have…..?

		Ga' i bapur, os gwelwch yn dda?    -    Cewch wrth gwrs.
			- May I have a paper, please?    -    Yes, of course.

			Ga' i weld cardiau pen-blwydd?
			- May I see (some) birthday cards?

		(b)	‘Dw i eisiau…	-	      I want…

			'Dw i eisiau papur, os gwelwch yn dda.
				- I want a paper, please.
					
			‘Dw i eisiau cerdyn pen - blwydd, os gwelwch yn dda.
			- I want a birthday card, please.

	(c)	Oes…..’da chi (gynnoch chi) ?     -       Have you got / Do you have….?

			Oes cardiau Nadolig 'da chi?   -   Oes, wrth gwrs.
			Oes gynnoch chi gardiau Nadolig? (N.W.)
			- Do you have (any) Christmas cards?   -   Yes, of course.

			Oes ‘Lingo’ ‘da chi, os gwelwch yn dda?
			Oes gynnoch chi ‘Lingo’, os gwelwch yn dda?
			- Have you got ‘Lingo’, please?

		Notice that there is no need to translate the word ‘any’ into Welsh.

		Notice that the object of the verb undergoes a Soft Mutation after this 
                    pattern.

		Again the word ‘some’ is understood  -  there is no need to translate it.

		(ch)	Faint ydy(‘r)…..?        -        How much is / are (the)…..?

			Faint ydy'r got?
			- How much is the coat?
	
			Faint ydy’r ‘Times’?
- How much is the ‘Times’?

	(d)	Ydy…………..?      -      Is /Are………..?

			Ydy'r cardiau ‘n ddrud?
			- Are the cards expensive?

	2.	These are the kinds of responses you might receive

	(a)	Pa…..?        -         Which…..?

			Ga’ i gylchgrawn, os gwelwch chi’n dda?

			Pa gylchgrawn?
			- Which magazine?

		Notice the Soft Mutation after ‘Pa’

	(b)	Pa fath o…..?	-	      What kind of…..?

			Oes cardiau ‘da chi, os gwelwch yn dda?
		
			Pa fath o gardiau?
			- What sort of (kind of) cards?

		Notice the Soft Mutation after ‘o’

				

	3.	When feminine, singular nouns follow the definite article (y / yr / 'r) they undergo a Soft Mutation

				cot 		- 			y got

	4.	Adjectives usually follow the noun in Welsh.  When the noun is feminine 			and singular, that adjective undergoes a Soft Mutation. Colours are 			adjectives, of course.	

		cot goch	-		cot goch	    -     	y got goch
			siaced las	-		siaced las        -	y siaced las

	Masculine nouns cause no mutations

		cyrs du	-	      crys du    		-	y crys du

	Plural nouns (masculine or feminine) cause no mutations

		crys du	-		crysau du		-	y crysau du
			cot ddu	-		cotiau du		-	y cotiau du

	Cwestiynau

			Faint ydy'r got ddu?
			- How much is the black coat?

			Faint ydy'r esgidiau ddu brown yn y ffenest, os gwelwch yn dda?
			- How much are the brown shoes in the window, please?

	5.	y….yma  (‘ma )	    -       this / these                   

			Faint ydy'r crys coch ‘ma?
			- How much is this red shirt?

		Faint ydy’r cardiau ‘ma?
		- How much are these cards?

	y….yna  (‘na )        -       that / those

	Faint ydy’r tei glas ‘na, os gwelwch yn dda?
	- How much is that blue tie, please?

	Faint ydy’r crysau gwyn ‘na?
	- How much are those white shirts?

	6.	A handful of adjectives have feminine forms which you'll hear in certain combinations.  Learn these parrot fashion

		ffrog felen	ffrog wen	ffrog werdd
		cot felen	cot wen	cot werdd
		het felen	het wen	het werdd

		Faint ydy'r ffrog wen ‘ma?
		- How much is this white dress?

		Faint ydy'r siaced felen ‘na?
		- How much is that yellow jacket?

		Faint ydy'r got werdd ‘na, os gwelwch yn dda?
		- How much is that green coat, please?

	7.  Instead of naming an article, you could point to it and use

		hon      	-	this      (this feminine one)	
		hwn	-	this      (this masculine one)

		honna	-	that      (that feminine one)
		hwnna	-	that      (that masculine one)	

		If you don't know the gender of the noun - use the masculine form   - ‘hwn’ or ‘hwnna’.

		Ga’ i honna ar y chwith, os gwelwch chi’n dda?
		- May I have that one on the left, please?
		  ( pointing to a coat, which is feminine)

		Faint ydy hwn, os gwelwch yn dda?
		- How much is this, please?
                      (picking up a book, which is masculine) 

	8.	The plural form  (masculine and feminine) 

			y rhain	-		these
			y rheina	-		those

		Mae’r rhain yn ddrud.
		- These are expensive. 

		Faint ydy’r rheina?
		- How much are those?

RHAN 2

	1.	Both ‘punt’ and ‘ceiniog’ are feminine nouns

		punt  f	-	£1	ceiniog  f	-	1p
		punnau / punnoedd 	- 	pounds	ceiniogau	-	pence

		dwy bunt	-	£2	dwy geiniog	-	2p
		tair punt	-	£3	tair ceiniog	-	3p
		pedair punt	-	£4	pedair ceiniog	-	4p
		pum punt	-	£5	pum ceiniog	-	5p
		chwe phunt	-	£6	chwe cheiniog	-	6p
		ugain punt	-	£20	ugain ceiniog	-	20p
		can punt	-	£100	saith deg naw	-	79p
						  ceiniog
	
	As there is no neuter ‘it’ in Welsh, we must use ‘e / o’ or ‘hi’, depending on the gender of the noun

			Faint ydy'r crys ‘ma?    -    Mae e'n bum punt.
			- How much is the shirt?    -    It's £5.

			Faint oedd y got felen?   -   Roedd hi'n gan punt.
			- How much was the yellow coat?  -  It was £100.

2	Notice that all words which follow the linking 'yn' undergo a Soft Mutation.

			Mae e'n ddrud
			Roedd e'n dair punt
			Mae hi'n goch.

	The only exception is a verb - noun 

			'Dyn ni ddim yn gwerthu hetiau.

	3.	Yet another way to say ‘Yes’ !

		When a phrase, with no verb, is used, we use the following

				Ie	-	Yes
				Nage	-	No

		Notice that ‘Ie’ consists of two syllables (and so is not pronounced ‘Yeah’!)

			Y got ar y dde?   -   Nage, yr un ar y chwith!
		- The coat on the right?   -  No, the one on the left!

		Y tei  glas?   -  Nage, yr un coch!
		- The blue tie?   -   No, the red one!
 
		Hwn?  -  Ie!
		- This one?  -  Yes!

	4.	Note the following mutations after numerals

	(a)	dau / dwy    -    Soft Mutation

			crys			-		dau grys
			cot			-		dwy got
			punt			-		dwy bunt

(b) 		tri (masc.)    -    Aspirate Mutation

				crys		-		tri chrys

	(c)	chwe     -     Aspirate Mutation

				crys		-		chwe chrys
				ceiniog		-		chwe cheiniog
				punt				-  	chwe phunt

	4.	Remember that in front of a noun

	              	‘pump’          becomes       ‘pum’  
                         	‘chwech’       becomes       ‘chwe’

		         	pum punt           pum crys
				chwe phunt       chwe ffrog

	5.	Reminders

		(a)	'iawn' follows the adjective 

			Mae’r ffrog ‘na’n hyfryd iawn.
			- That dress is very nice.

	(b)	'eithaf' comes in front of the adjective and does not cause a mutation

			Maen nhw'n eitha' tynn.
			- They’re quite tight.

	(c)	'rhy' comes in front of the adjective and does cause a Soft Mutation

			Maen nhw'n rhy dynn.
			- They’re too tight.

	(ch)	o lawer		-	by far / much

			Mae hi’n rhy hir o lawer.
- It is too long by far.
- It is much / far too long.

	6.	Idiom	

		Mae'n eich taro i'r dim.
		- It suits you down to the ground (perfectly).

	7.	Pedair sgwrs

		A.	Bore da.  Ga' i bapur, os gwelwch yn dda?
		B.	Pa bapur?
		A.	Y 'Guardian'.  Oes cardiau 'da chi?
		B.	Pa fath o gardiau?
		A.	Cardiau pen-blwydd.
		B.	Maen nhw fanna, ar y chwith.

		A.	'Dw i eisiau siwt, os gwelwch yn dda.
		B.	Pa fath?
		A.	Siwt ddu, smart.  Fe welais i un yn y ffenest.
		B.	Yr un ar y dde?
		A.	Ie!  Faint ydy hi?
		B.	Tri chan punt.
		A.	Tri chan punt!  Mae'n edrych yn hyfryd ond mae'n rhy ddrud.
		B.	Wel, beth am y siwt lwyd 'ma? 
		A.	Mae hi'n berffaith.
	B.     Ydy - mae hi'n eich taro i'r dim.

		A.	Faint ydy'r got las yn y ffenest?
		B.	Yr un ar y chwith?
		A.	Ie.
		B.	Wyth deg naw punt.
		A.	Mae'n ddrud.
		B.	Ydy, ond mae'n got dda iawn.
		A.	Faint ydy honna ar y dde?
B.	Mae honna'n rhatach - saith deg punt.		

		A.	Ydych chi'n hoffi'r got goch 'ma?
		B.	Ydw - ond mae'n eitha' byr ac mae'n dynn iawn hefyd.
		A.	Fe fydd yr un las 'ma yn eich taro i'r dim.
		B.	Bydd - ond mae'n rhy ddrud o lawer.