GWERS 70

 CYFLWYNYDD:    BASIL DAVIES

NOD:	    Siarad am wyliau eto ac adolygu geirfa a phatrymau  (revise vocabulary   
               and patterns).

	Geirfa

	dros y m™r	-		overseas	glan y m™r	-	seaside
	pen y mynydd	-	 	top of the 	anifeiliaid	-	water animals					  mountain	     dðr			
	afonydd	-		rivers	llynnoedd	-	lakes
		pethau		-		things 	pobl	-	people
		adeiladau		-		buildings 	glaw	-	rain
		tywydd		-		weather	 wythnos f	-	week
	pythefnos	-		fortnight	mis	-	month
		blwyddyn		-		year		dydd	-		day
		diwrnod		-		day		dillad	-	clothes
		malwod		-		snails

	ar eich gwyliau	-		on (your)	am dro	-	for a walk, 							holiday			  for a trip, for a run
	drwy'r amser	-		all the time 	llawer o	-	many
		i ffwrdd			-		away		dyna hyfryd	-	that's nice
	mewn	-		really, in fact
                       gwirionedd

		oer		-		cold		twym	-	hot
		sych		-		dry		poeth	-	hot
		stormus			-		stormy	gwyntog	-	windy
		yn glos			-		close		braf	-	fine
		gwlyb			-		wet 		newydd	-	new
		diddorol		-			interesting	ardderchog	-	excellent
		gl‰n		-		clean 	naturiol	-	natural 
		cyfforddus		-		comfortable	arall	-	another, else
		ofnadwy		-		awful, 	ofnadwy o	-	terribly
							   terrible
		trwm		-		heavy

		

		ymweld ‰		-			to visit 
		
		mewn bwthyn	-			in a cottage	mewn fflat	-	in a flat
		mewn carafan	-		in a caravan	mewn pabell	-	in a tent
		mewn gwesty	-		in a hotel
				
	I ble ?	-		To where?	O ble ?	-		From where?

	Maes Awyr Caerdydd 	-	Cardiff Airport

RHAN 1

	1.	You’ll remember that 'ar eich gwyliau' means 'on your holiday', whereas 
	in English we say 'on holiday'. 	cf. ‘ar ein gwyliau’, ‘ar fy ngwyliau’ etc.

			(I) ble aethoch chi (ar eich gwyliau)? 
		- (To) where did you go (on holiday)?

		Fe / Mi aethon ni i Florida.
		- We went to Florida.

		Fe / Mi es i i Desenzano yn yr Eidal.
		I went to Desenzano in Italy.

	2.	'Yn' means 'in' and it is followed by a Nasal Mutation

			Caernarfon		-	yng Nghaernarfon
			Bangor		-	ym Mangor.

	You'll notice that yn itself changes slightly, depending on what the first 	sound of the following word is.  (This makes it easy to glide the two 		words together).  This happens in words beginning with ‘m’ as in the 	following examples.

			Pryd aethoch chi?
		- When did you go?

				ym mis Mai		-	in (the month of) May
		ym mis Mehefin	-	in June
		ym mis Gorffennaf	-	in July
				ym mis Awst		-	in August

	3.	'am' means 'for' and it causes a Soft Mutation

		Am faint o amser aethoch chi?
		- For how much time did you go?
		- For how long did you go?

		Am bythefnos		-	For a fortnight
		Am fis				-	For a month
		Am ddau fis		-	For two months
			Am dair wythnos	-	For three weeks	

	4.		Sut aethoch chi?
		- How did you go?

		Fe aethon ni yn y car.
		- We went in the car.

		Fe hedfanon ni.
		- We flew.

		O ble (hedfanoch chi)?
		- From where (did you fly)?

		O Faes Awyr Caerdydd.
		- From Cardiff Airport.

	5.	'mewn' means 'in a'.

	The stem of 'aros' is ‘arhos-‘

			Fe arhoson ni			-	we stayed
				Ble arhosoch chi?	-	Where did you stay?	

		Ble arhosoch chi?
		- Where did you stay?
		Fe arhoson ni mewn bwthyn / fflat / pabell / villa / gwesty.
		- We stayed in a  cottage / flat / tent / villa / hotel.

	6. 		(I) ble aethoch chi yn Florida?
			- (To) where did you go in Florida?

		(Fe / Mi aethon ni) i Epcot ac i DisneyWorld.
		- (We went) to Epcot and DisneyWorld.

7.		Remember that a question form arfer 'Beth' undergoes a Soft Mutation:

			Beth weloch chi?
			Beth fwytoch chi?
			Beth brynoch chi?

	Remember also that the object of the concise form of the verb (Fe welon ni) 	undergoes a Soft Mutation

				Fe welon ni lawer o bethau.
			Mi fwyton ni falwod.
			Fe brynon ni ddillad newydd.

	8.		Sut roedd y gwesty / fflat, etc?
			- How was the hotel / flat, etc?

		Yn dda iawn.  
		- Very good.
				
		Yn eitha(f) cyfforddus.
		-Quite comfortable.

		Yn fawr ac yn lân ac yn gyfforddus.
- Large and clean and comfortable.

RHAN 2

	1.	The past tense of 'gwneud' (‘to make / do’) is irregular.
	I'm sure you remember how the questions are formed:

			Beth wnaethoch chi?
				Beth wnest ti?
			- What did you do?

	2.	am dro     -     for a walk,  a spin,  a trip

	This doesn't have to be undertaken on foot!  One can go 'am dro' in the 	car.

	Fe es i am dro i'r parc.
	- I went for a walk to the park.

	Fe es i am dro yn y car.
	- I went for a trip (a run, a spin) in the car.

		Fe aethon ni am dro i lan y môr .
		- We went for a ride to the seaside.

3. 		un dydd / un diwrnod	   -	one day

			Un dydd / diwrnod fe aethon ni i Epcot.
			- One day we went to Epcot.

	dydd arall / diwrnod arall	   -	  another day

		Un diwrnod fe aethon ni i Epcot a diwrnod arall fe aethon ni i DisneyWorld.
		- One day we went to Epcot and another day we went to DisneyWorld.

	4.	After all forms of 'mynd' (‘to go’) we need to use ‘i’ in front of the action 		word which follows.  (It conveys ‘in order to’)

	Fe aethon ni i weld ffilm yn y sinema.
	- We went to see a film in the cinema (in order to see).

	Fe aethon nhw i brynu car newydd.
	- They went to buy a new car (in order to buy).

	Fe aethon nhw i nofio yn y m™r.
	- I went swimming in the sea (in order to swim).

	5.	Many action words are followed by simple prepositions in Welsh.  One 			of those verbs is 'ymweld ‰' (‘to visit’).

		Fe aethon ni i ymweld ‰'r sw.
			- We went to visit the zoo.

 		Notice how ‘â’ become ‘ag’ in front of a vowel. 

		Aethoch chi i ymweld ag Epcot?		
		- Did you go to visit Epcot?

	6.	Weather references are feminine, and that's why we always use ‘hi’.

			Roedd hi'n oer			-	It (she) was cold.
			Mae hi'n dwym			-	It (she) is hot.

	Note that 'iawn', the word for 'very' in Welsh, follows the adjective 

			yn dwym iawn		-		very hot
			yn glos iawn		-		very close
			yn dwym iawn		-		very hot	

	‘Yn rhy’ stands in front of the adjective and is followed by a Soft Mutation

			yn rhy dwym		-		too hot
			yn rhy glost			-		too close
			yn rhy wlyb			-		too wet
			yn rhy wyntog		-		too windy

		Sut roedd y tywydd?	
		- How was the weather?

		Roedd hi'n dwym iawn.
		- It was very hot.
			
		Roedd hi'n rhy dwym un diwrnod.
		- It was too hot one day.

	7. 	The direct object of all short Past Tense verbs undergoes a Soft Mutation.

			Gawsoch chi law?				- 	Do / Naddo.
			Gawsoch chi dywydd braf?	-	Do / Naddo.
			Fe welon ni gastell.
			Welch chi grocodeil?		-	Do / Naddo.

	8.			unwaith			-		once		
				ddwywaith			-		twice
			dair gwaith			-		threetimes	
			bedair gwaith		-		four times

			nifer o weithiau		-		many times	
			lawer gwaith		-		many times

		Gawsoch chi law? 
		- Did you have rain? 

		Fe gawson ni law unwaith.
		- We had rain once.

		Fe gawson ni law nifer o weithiau.
		- We had rain many times.

	9.	yn chwysu fel mochyn	  -	     sweating like a pig

	Roedd hi’n ofnadwy o boeth yno  -  roeddwn i’n chwysu fel mochyn!
	- It was terribly hot there  -  I was sweating like a pig!

  10.	Un sgwrs bosibl

		Alun:	Ble aethoch chi ar eich gwyliau?
		Bryn:	I Baris yn Ffrainc.
		Alun:	Pryd aethoch chi?
		Bryn:	Ym mis Mai.
		Alun:	Ac am faint o amser aethoch chi?
		Bryn:	(Fe aethon ni) am bythefnos.
		Alun:	O ble hedfanoch chi?
		Bryn:	O Faes Awyr Caerdydd.
		Alun:	Ble arhosoch chi ym Mharis?
		Bryn:	(Fe arhoson ni) mewn fflat.
		Alun:	Sut roedd y fflat?
		Bryn:	Eitha' da. Roedd e’n fawr ac yn lân ac yn gyfforddus.
		Alun:	I ble aethoch chi ym Mharis?
		Bryn:	(Fe aethon ni) i'r Louvre.
		Alun:	Beth weloch chi?
		Bryn:	(Fe welon ni) Y Mona Lisa.
	Alun:		Beth arall wnaethoch chi ar eich gwyliau?
		Bryn:		Un dydd fe aethon ni i nofio yn y m™r, a dydd arall fe 				aethon ni i'r sinema i weld ffilm.
		Alun:		Sut roedd y tywydd?
		Bryn:		Roedd hi'n braf iawn.  Roedd hi'n dwym iawn drwy'r amser. Ac roedd hi'n glos iawn.  Roedd hi'n rhy glos.  Roeddwn i'n chwysu fel mochyn.
		Alun:		Gawsoch chi law?
		Bryn:		Do, fe gawson ni law dair gwaith.

	Sgwrs arall bosibl

		Alys:		Helo!  Ydych chi wedi bod i ffwrdd?
		Betsan:	Ydyn - ar ein gwyliau.
		Alys:		Dyna hyfryd.  Ble aethoch chi?
		Betsan:	I'r Costa del Sol.
		Alys:		Sut aethoch chi?
		Betsan:	Fe hedfanon ni o Faes Awyr Caerdydd.
		Alys:		Ac arhosoch chi mewn gwesty?
		Betsan:	Naddo, mewn fflat, ac roedd e’n ardderchog.
		Alys:		Fwynheuoch chi?
		Betsan:	Do, wrth gwrs.
		Alys:		A sut roedd y tywydd?
		Betsan:	Roedd hi'n dwym iawn - yn rhy dwym i fi, mewn
		gwirionedd, ond fe gawson ni law unwaith  -  glaw 		trwm iawn.