GWERS 64

CYFLWYNYDD:    CENNARD DAVIES

NOD:	      Dysgu cymharu pedwar ansoddair afreolaidd.   (Learning to compare four 
      irregular adjectives).

	Geirfa

		cig eidion		-		beef		cig oen	-		lamb
		porc			-		pork		cig moch	-	bacon
		twrci			-		turkey		cyw i‰r	-	chicken
			gwin			-		wine		ffowlyn		-	chicken			gwirod(ydd)	-		spirit(s)	cwrw	-		beer	
			lager			-		lager		wisgi	-		whisky
		sieri			-		sherry	
	
		eliffant(od)	-		elephant(s)	ceffyl(au)	-	horse(s)
		mochyn		-		pig				buwch   f	-	cow
		moch			-		pigs			buchod	-	cows
		mwnci(od)	-		monkey(s)	cath(od)   f	-	cat(s)
		llygoden   f	-		mouse 			llygod		-	mice
		llygoden		-		rat 				llygod		-	rats
                        fawr  f							         mawr
		ci				-		dog				cðn	-		dogs	
		dwrgi			-		otter			dwrgwn	-		otters	
			cwningen   f	-		rabbit		cwningod		-	rabbits
			llwynog(od)	-		fox(es) 		cadno(aid)		-	fox(es)
		anifail			-		animal

		byd			-		world		yn y byd	-	in the world
	cae	-	field	fferm(ydd) f	-	farm(s)
		gwlad   f		-		country	cinio	-	dinner

		dweud		-		to say		credu		-	to believe

RHAN 1

	1.	da	  -	good

		(a)	(i)		Mae cig oen da yn y siop.
				- There is good lamb in the shop.
(ii) 			Mae'r cig oen 'ma'n dda.
		- This lamb is good.

	(b)	cystal ‰ / ag     -     as good as     (Y Radd Gyfartal  -  Equative  Degree)

		Mae cig eidion cystal ‰ ffowlyn.
		- Beef is as good as chicken.

		I’m sure you remember that when we looked at regular adjectives, ‘‰’ causes an Aspirate Mutation  (c > ch; p > ph; t > th).

			Mae cig oen cystal ‰ phorc.
			- Lamb is as good as porc.

			Ydy cyw i‰r cystal ‰ thwrci?
			- Is chicken as good as turkey?

			Dydy twrci ddim cystal ‰ chyw i‰r.
			- Turkey isn't as good as chicken.

	(c)	yn well na(g)     -     better than    (Y Radd Gymharol  -  Comparative Degree)

			Mae twrci yn well na ffowlyn.
			- Turkey is better than chicken.

		Like ‘‰’, ‘na’ also causes an Aspirate Mutation

			Mae cyw i‰r yn well na thwrci.	
			- Chicken is better than turkey.

			'Dw i'n credu bod cig oen yn well na phorc.
			- I think that lamb is better than pork.

	(ch)	y gorau     -     the best     (y Radd Eithaf  -  Superlative Degree)

		Notice we don't use a normal 'mae'/’roedd’/ ‘fe fydd’ sentence with 	the superlative.  We use the emphatic pattern, with ‘ydy’/’oedd’/’fydd’

		as the the verb in the middle of the sentence.  What we wish to emphasize 	comes first. 

			Cig eidion ydy'r gorau.
			- Beef is the best.

			Twrci ydy'r gorau i ginio Nadolig.
			- Turkey is the best for Christmas dinner.

		When talking about a female or a feminine object we mutate the adjective.

			Eleri ydy'r (ferch) orau yn y dosbarth.
			- Eleri is the best (girl) in the class.

	2.	drwg     -    	bad

	(a)	(i)		Roedd cwrw drwg yn y dafarn.
				- There was bad beer in the pub.

		(ii)		Mae'r cwrw yn ddrwg.
				- The beer is bad.

	(b)	cynddrwg ‰ / ag     -     as bad as     (Y Radd Gyfartal)

				'Dw i'n credu bod lager cynddrwg ‰ chwrw.
				- I believe that lager is as bad as beer.

				Ydy gwin cynddrwg ‰ gwirodydd?
				- Is wine as bad as spirits?

	(c)	yn waeth na(g)     -     worse than     (Y Radd Gymharol)

				Maen nhw'n dweud bod wisgi yn waeth na gwin.
				- They say that whisky is worse than wine.

				Mae e'n credu bod sieri yn waeth na lager.
				- He believes that sherry is worse than lager.

	(ch)	y gwaetha(f)     -     the worst     (Y Radd Eithaf)

		As with most Welsh words ending in - f you'll hardly hear it in the spoken language.

		Again, we use the 'emphatic' pattern

				Gwirodydd ydy'r gwaetha'.
				- Spirits are the worst.

				Y gwin coch oedd  y gwaetha'.
				- The red wine was the worst.
		
				Pwy ydy'r actor gwaetha' / yr actores waetha’?
				- Who is the worst actor / worst actress?

RHAN 2

	1.	mawr	 	- 	big, large, great, much

	(a)	(i)	Mae eliffant mawr yn y cae!
				- There's a large elephant in the field!

		(ii)	Mae eliffant yn fawr.
				- An elephant is large / big.

	(b)	cymaint ‰ / ag	-	as large / big / great / much as     ( Y Radd Gyfartal)

				Mae buwch cymaint ‰ cheffyl.
				- A cow is as big as a horse.

				Dydy llygoden ddim cymaint ‰ mwnci.
				- A mouse isn't as large as a monkey.

		I’m sure you remember that 'ag' is always used in front of a vowel

				Dydy ceffyl ddim cymaint ag eliffant.
				- A horse isn't as big as an elephant.

	(c)	yn fwy na(g)	-	bigger / larger / greater / more than     (Y Radd Gymharol)

				Ydy eliffant yn fwy na cheffyl?
				- Is an elephant larger than a horse?

				Roedd y ci yn fwy na chath.
				- The dog was bigger than a cat.

		Again, notice that 'nag' is used in front of a vowel

				Doedd y ceffyl ddim yn fwy nag eliffant.
				- The horse wasn't bigger than an elephant.

	(ch)	y mwya(f)     -    the biggest / largest / most / greatest     ( Y Radd Eithaf)

		Again, we must use the 'emphatic pattern'

				Y ceffyl oedd y mwya' yn y cae.
				- The horse was the largest in the field.

				P'un ydy'r anifail mwya' yn y byd?
				- Which is the largest animal in the world?

				P’un ydy’r wlad fwya’ yn y byd?
				- Which is the largest country in the world?

	4.	bach     -     small, little

	(a)	(i)	Mae cwningen fach yn y cae.
				- There's a little rabbit in the field.

		(ii)	Roedd y llwynog yn fach.
				- The fox was small.

	(b)	cyn lleied ‰ / ag     -     as small/  little as     (Y Radd Gyfartal)

				Dydy dwrgi ddim cyn lleied ‰ llygoden fawr.
				- An otter isn't as small as a rat.

				Ydy llygoden fawr cyn lleied ‰ chath?
				- Is a rat as small as a cat?

	(c)	yn llai na(g)     -     smaller / less than     ( Y Radd Gymharol)

				Mae cwningen yn llai na chadno.
				- A rabbit is smaller than a fox.

				Fel arfer, mae dwrgi yn llai na chi.
				- Usually, an otter is smaller than a dog.
				(or it could translated as 'smaller than you'!!!)

	(ch)	y lleia(f)     -	the smallest, least

		Again we must use the 'emphatic' pattern

				Y llygoden oedd y lleia'.
				- The mouse was the smallest.

				P'un ydy'r anifail lleia'?
				- Which is the smallest animal?

	5.	All the forms we have learnt in this lesson are irregular but as they are in 
	such common use it is important that you learn them by heart.

	Once learnt  -  never forgotten!

	    da					     drwg				    mawr		   bach
	    cystal ‰ / ag		     cynddrwg a / ag	   cymaint ‰ / ag	   cyn lleied ‰ / ag
	    yn well na(g)	     yn waeth na(g)	   yn fwy na(g)	   yn llai na(g)
	    y gorau			     y gwaetha'		   y mwya'		   y lleia'