GWERS 6

CYFLWYNYDD:   CENNARD DAVIES

NOD:	   To revise the forms of the Present Tense of 'bod' (to be).

	Geirfa
	
		bwyta	-	to eat	yfed	-	to drink
		darllen	-	to read	prynu	-	to buy
	
		tþ	-	house	athro 	-	teacher
		bachgen	-	boy		plentyn	-	child
		ci			-	dog		plant	-	children
		amser  	-	time		haul	-	sun
		car		     	-	car			ysgol (f)	-	school

		eich		-	your	

		yn iawn	-	O.K., right	yn hyfryd	-	lovely
		yn dwym	-	hot

RHAN 1

	1.	You have now seen all (but one) of the Present Tense forms of 			'bod' (to be)

		1.	Rydw i 			-	I am  (I do)
		2.	Rydych chi		-	you are (you do)				3.	Mae e (o) / hi		-	he / she is (he / she does)
			Mae Tom			-	Tom is  (Tom )

		1.	Rydyn ni			-	we are (we do)
		2.	Rydych chi		-	you are (you do)
3. 		Maen nhw		-	they are (they)

	2.		Using the linking 'yn'('n) we can form sentences.( You’ll remember 			that we often abbreviate the verb forms in our sentences):

			‘Dw i'n hoffi coffi.
			- I am liking coffee.
			- I like coffee.
			Mae e'n byw yn Abertawe.
			- He is living in Swansea.
			- He lives in Swansea.

			R(yd)yn ni'n cas‡u pasta.
			- We are hating pasta.
			- We hate pasta.

			Maen nhw'n chwarae rygbi hediw.
			- They are playing rugby today.
			- They play rugby today.

		Notice the two possible ways of translating these sentences into 			English.

	3.	Can you translate these sentences?
		
			They read the Guardian.
			He drinks whisky.
			We are buying a house in Radur.
			She hates eating bananas.
			Tom likes Mary.

4. 		There is one verb form which we haven’t yet used - the familiar form 	of 'you'

			       Rwyt ti      -      you are / do

	English doesn't now use 'thou' but this familiar form is found in 		many other languages.

			e.g.	French	-	tu
					Spanish	-	tu
					German	-	du

		It is used

		(i)		with people whom you know well
		(ii)		by adults when speaking to children
		(iii)	amongst young people
(iv) 		when addressing animals

				Rwyt ti'n iawn.	             -	You are right. (O.K)
				Rwyt ti'n yfed coffi.        -	You're drinking coffee.
				Rwyt ti'n byw yn Sblot.  -	You live in Splott.

5. 		There are 3 forms of the definitive article 'the' in Welsh:

			y	-	before consonants              

						y tþ		-	the house
						y car		-	the car
						y plant	-	the children

			yr	-	before vowels and 'h'
			
						yr amser	-	the time
						yr ysgol	-	the school
						yr haul	-	the sun

			'r	-	after a vowel (no matter whether a consonant or a 					vowel 	follows)	
		
						Ble mae'r tþ?		-	Where is the house?
						Dydy'r haul ddim...	 -	the sun isn't ......

	Examples

			(Dy)dy'r plant ddim yn y tþ.
			- The children aren't in the house.

			(Dy)dy'r ci ddim yn y car.
			- The dog isn't in the car.

			Mae'r tþ yn Abertawe.
			- The house in Swansea.

			Maen nhw yn yr ysgol.
			- They're in (the) School.

	6.	There is no indefinite article 'a / an' in Welsh.

				ci		-          a dog
				eliffant	-		an elephant

RHAN 2

	1.	You also know the negative forms in the Present Tense.

		1.	(Dy)dw i ddim 			-	I'm not ( I don't)
		2.	(Dwyt ti ddim			-	you're not (you don't)
			(Dy)dych chi ddim		-	you're not (you don't)
		3.	(Dy)dy e (o) / hi ddim 	-	he / she isn't (he / she doesn't)
			(Dy)dy'r plant ddim		-	the children aren't (the 											     children don't)		
		1.	(Dy)dyn ni ddim		-	we're not (we don't)
		2.	(Dy)dych chi ddim 		-	you're not (you don't)
3. 	 (Dy)dyn nhw ddim		-	they're not (they don't)

	Examples:

			'Dw i'n bwyta.
			- 'Dw i ddim yn bwyta.

			Mae e'n byw yng Nghaerdydd.
			- Dydy e ddim yn byw yng Nghaerdydd.

			Maen nhw'n hoffi'r ci.
			- Dydyn nhw ddim yn hoffi'r ci.

			Dydy e ddim  yn chwarae rygbi.
			- Mae e'n chwarae rygbi.

			Dwyt ti ddim yn yfed wisgi.
				- Rwyt ti'n yfed wisgi.

	2.	Let's look again at Pwy? (Who?) and Ble? (Where?)

(a) 			Pwy ydw i?		-	Who am I?
		Pwy wyt ti		-	Who are you?
				Pwy ydych chi?		-	Who are you?
				Pwy ydyn ni?		-	Who are we?

				Pwy ydy e(o)/hi?	-	Who is he / she?
				Pwy ydyn nhw?		-	Who are they?

		(b)		Ble rydw i ........?	-	Where am (do) I .......?
				Ble rwyt ti.........?	-	Where are (do) you .........?
				Ble rydych chi…..?	-	Where are (do) you……?
				Ble rydyn ni ........?	-	Where are (do) we .........?
		
				Ble mae e(o) / hi....?	-	Where is (does) he / she ........?
				Ble maen nhw......?	-	Where are (do) they ...........?

	Notice the slight difference in the 1st and 2nd person forms after 
	'Ble?'.  To be perfectly correct there is an r at the beginning of the 	verb, but this is a very minor point and it doesn't matter if you forget 	about it!

		But do notice the different verb forms in the 3rd person.

			Pwy ydy e (o) / hi?		Ble mae e(o) / hi…?
			Pwy ydyn nhw?			Ble maen nhw….?

				Who is he?				
				- Pwy ydy e(o)?	

				Where is the child?
				- Ble mae'r plentyn?

	Where does she live?
	- Ble mae hi'n byw?

	Who is the boy?
	- Pwy ydy'r bachgen?	

				Where do they work?
				- Ble maen nhw'n gweithio?

			Who are they?
				- Pwy ydyn nhw?

	3.	A typical conversation								

		Bill:     Bill ydw i.  Pwy ydych chi?
		Ben:	Ben.  Shwd 'ych chi, Bill?
		Bill:	Da iawn diolch.  A chi?
		Ben:	Iawn.  Mae (hi)'n braf heddiw.
		Bill:	Ydy wir, diolch byth.  'Dw i'n gweithio heddiw.
		Ben:	Ble Bill?
		Bill:	Yn Aberystwyth.
		Ben:	Yn Aberystwyth!  Mae Aberystwyth yn hyfryd.
		Bill:	'Dw i ddim yn hoffi Aberystwyth.  'Dw i'n cas‡u 						Aberystwyth - ac mae hi'n bwrw glaw yn Aberystwyth 					heddiw.
		Ben:	Wel, Wel!  Da boch chi Bill.