GWERS 59	

CYFLWYNYDD:     CENNARD DAVIES

NOD:	   Trafod tybiaeth  (Discussing conjecture  - the 'would' forms)

	  Geirfa

		marw	-		to die	gweld	-	to see
		teithio	-		to travel	prynu	-	to buy
		mwynhau	-		to enjoy	gwario	-	to spend (money)
		hoffi	-		to like	cynilo	-	to save (money)
		stopio	-		to stop 	gallu	-	to be able to
		mynd i ffwrdd 	-	to go away	cau	-	to close
		mynd ar	-	to go on	cloi	-	to lock
		   wyliau		  holiday	dweud wrth	-	to tell	
		trefnu	-	to arrange	cyrraedd	-	to arrive
		gofalu am	-	to look after 	aros	-	to stay
		hysbysu	-	to notify,  	gadael	-	to leave
					          inform
	
		cynnar	-		early	hwyr	-	late
		prydlon	-		prompt, 	mewn pryd	-	in time
						   punctual 	i gyd	-	all
		bob amser	-	always 	yfory	-	tomorrow	

		ffenest(ri)  f	-		window(s)	papur(au)	-	paper(s)
		llaeth / llefrith	-	milk	drws	-	door
		cymydog	-	neighbour	drysau	-	doors
		cymdogion	-	neighbours	y bobl drws	-	the people next door
		ceffyl	-		horse	       nesaf	
		arian / pres	-		money 	yr Heddlu	-	the Police
		plismon	-	policeman 	plismyn	-	policemen
		dillad		-		clothes		ty		-	house
						
		cyn	-		before	mewn	-	in

		Yr Alban	-		Scotland

RHAN 1

	1.	Fe / Mi faswn i	-		I would

	Notice that this ending is identical to

		Fe/Mi ddylwn i		-	I ought to  /  should   (Gwersi 42 + 54)
			Fe/Mi hoffwn i		-	I'd like to   (Gwers  43)

		Fe / Mi faswn i'n gwario deg punt.
		- I would spend £10.

		Mi faswn i'n mynd i Ffrainc.
		- I would go to France.

		Fe faswn i'n hoffi prynu ceffyl.
		- I would like to buy a horse.

		Fe faswn i'n gallu cynilo.
		- I would be able to save.
		 (I would be able to = I could)

	2.	In English we sometimes use a particple ending in  -ing after this pattern

		I would enjoy reading 'Jane Eyre'.
		I would enjoy travelling.

	But in Welsh we do not use 'yn'.  All we do is use the verb noun

		Fe faswn i'n mwynhau darllen 'Jane Eyre'.
		Mi faswn i’n mwynhau teithio. 

	3.	In Gwers 43  you learnt the 'short' forms to convey 'would like to'  -   
	i.e. the endings were placed on the stem of 'hoffi' itself.  As you can see, 
	it is also possible to convey 'would like to' in this 'longer' way.

		Fe / Mi faswn i'n hoffi	=	Fe / Mi hoffwn i
		Faswn i ddim yn hoffi	=	Hoffwn i ddim

	Both these patterns convey the same thing and are interchangeable

		Fe faswn i’n hoffi mynd i Cape Town.
		Fe hoffwn i fynd i Cape Town.
- I’d like to go to Cape Town.

	4.	Fe / Mi faset ti	-	   you would 

		Fe faset ti'n dweud wrth y cymdogion, cyn mynd ar wyliau.
		- You would tell the neighbours, before going on holiday.

		Mi faset ti'n stopio'r papurau.
		- You would stop the papers.

		Fe faset ti'n cloi'r drysau.
		- You would lock the doors.

	5. 	i gyd        -       all

	In English 'all' comes in front of the noun but in Welsh 'i gyd' ALWAYS 		follows the noun.

		Fe faset ti'n cloi'r ffenestri i gyd.
			- You would lock all the windows.

	6.	Negative

				Fe  / Mi faswn i	   -      Faswn i ddim
			Fe / Mi faset ti	   -      Faset ti ddim

		Faswn i ddim yn mynd mewn tacsi.
		- I wouldn't go by taxi.

		Faswn i ddim yn prynu ceffyl.
		- I wouldn't buy a horse.

		Faset ti ddim yn dweud wrth y bobl drws nesa', cyn mynd i ffwrdd.
		- You wouldn't tell the people next door, before going away.

		Faset ti ddim yn cau'r ffenestri i gyd.
		- You wouldn't close all the windows.

RHAN 2

	1.	Fe / Mi fasai fe (fo)			-	    he would
	Fe / Mi fasai hi			-	    she would
	Fe / Mi fasai Tom / yr athro	-	    the teacher / Tom would
	Fe / Mi fasai'r plant			-	    the children would

		Fe fasai hi'n gallu prynu Rolls Royce.
- She would be able to (could) buy a Rolls Royce.

		Mi fasai Bob yn gwario arian.
- Bob would spend money.

			Fe fasai'r plant yn chwarae yn y parc.
		- The children would play in the park.

	2.	Fe / Mi fasech chi	 -	  you would (singular 'polite' and plural)

		Fe fasech chi'n cyrraedd yn gynnar.
		- You would arrive early.

	 	Mi fasech chi’n gweld y Kremlin ym Moscow.
		- You would see the Kremlin in Moscow.

	3.	Fe / Mi fasen ni		-	we would
	Fe / Mi fasen nhw	-	they would

		Fe fasen ni'n hysbysu'r heddlu.
		- We would notify the police.

		Fe fasen nhw'n gofalu am y ty.  
		- They would look after the house.

	4.	Negative

			Fe / Mi fasech chi	     -	    Fasech chi ddim
			Fe / Mi fasai Bill 	     -   	Fasai Bill ddim
		Fe / Mi fasen ni	      -	    Fasen ni ddim
			Fe / Mi fasen nhw      -	    Fasen nhw ddim

		Fasech chi ddim yn cyrraedd yn hwyr.
		- You wouldn't arrive late.

		Fasai'r bobl drws nesa' ddim yn gofalu am y ty.
- The people next door wouldn't look after the house.

		Fasen ni ddim yn dweud wrth y cymdogion.
		- We wouldn't tell the neighbours.

		Fasen nhw ddim yn cloi'r drws.
		- They wouldn't lock the door.

	5.	Adverbs in English are often (not always) formed by adding - ly to the 				adjective.  In Welsh we place 'yn' before the adjective (and this causes a Soft 			Mutation)

		      prydlon       -	    punctual		yn brydlon	-	punctually, on time
		      cynnar         -	    early			yn gynnar	-	early
		      hwyr	      -	    late			yn hwyr	-	late

		Fe fasai hi'n trefnu gwyliau'n gynnar.
		- She would arrange a holiday early.

		Mi fasai e'n cyrraedd yn brydlon.
		- He would arrive punctually.

	6.	(a)	You could ask questions using such question words as ‘Ble?’, 	‘Pryd?’, ‘Sut?’,  ‘Pam?’ and ‘Gyda phwy?’

These words do not cause a Mutation and so the verb reverts to it original unmutated form.

		Could you answer these questions?

			Ble basech chi'n hoffi mynd?
			Sut basen nhw'n teithio?
			Gyda phwy basai Basil yn aros?
			Pryd basen nhw'n gadael?
			Pam baset ti'n hoffi prynu Aston Martin?

(b)	‘Beth?’ and’ Pwy?’ do cause a Soft Mutation.

They also cause the little word 'ei'  to grow in front of the verb noun.  (You have met this before, in Gwers 13).  Don't worry about it  -  you'll hardly hear it in normal conversation.

			       Beth faset ti'n (ei) brynu?
			       Pwy fasai hi'n (ei) weld?

	7.	Here are the verb forms in full

		Fe / Mi faswn i	 	 	Faswn i ddim
			Fe / Mi faset ti				Faset ti ddim
			Fe / Mi fasech chi		Fasech chi ddim
			Fe / Mi fasai fe/hi			Fasai fe (fo) / hi ddim

			Fe  /Mi fasen ni			Fasen ni ddim
			Fe / Mi fasech chi		Fasech chi ddim
			Fe / Mi fasen nhw		Fasen nhw ddim