GWERS 49		

CYFLWYNYDD:     CENNARD DAVIES

NOD:	    Edrych yn ™l   (looking back)

	Geirfa

	rhedeg	-		to run	canu		-	to sing
		edrych (ac)	-	 to look (at) 	cadw'n heini	-	to keep fit
		dawnsio			-	to dance		tynnu lluniau	-	to draw pictures		gwneud symiau		-	to do sums		ysgrifennu	-	to write
		(y)smygu			-	to smoke			yfed	-	to drink
		rhegi			-	to swear			ymladd	-	to fight

	chwarae rygbi	-	to play rugby	chwarae tenis	-	to play tennis
	chwarae criced	-	to play cricket	chwarae hoci	-	to play hockey
	chwarae p�l droed  -	to play soccer

		cae	-	field	gaeaf	-	winter
		ffrindiau	-	friends	c™r	-	choir				caws	-	cheese	rhywbeth 	-	something else
					     arall

		ifanc	-	young

RHAN 1

	1.	Let's revise the Imperfect forms

			Roeddwn i		Roedden ni
			Roeddet ti		Roeddech chi
			Roedd e (o) / hi	Roedden nhw
			Roedd Tom
			Roedd y plant

		Roeddwn i'n rhedeg yn y parc ddoe.
		- I was running in the park yesterday.

		Roedden nhw'n chwarae criced.
		- They were playing cricket.

	2.	To convey 'used to' we use the word 'arfer' after the Imperfect forms

		Roeddwn i'n arfer chwarae criced.
		- I used to play cricket.

		Roedd Tom yn arfer rhedeg.
		- Tom used to run.

		Roedd y plant yn arfer mynd i Ysgol Treorci.
		- The children used to go to Treorci School.

		Roedden nhw'n arfer byw yn y Rhyl.
		- They used to live in Rhyl.

		Oeddet ti 'n arfer gweithio yn Llundain? 	- 	Oeddwn.
		- Did you used to work in London? 		- 	Yes.

		Oedd Tom yn arfer chwarae criced? 	- 	Nac oedd.
		- Did Tom used to play cricket? 	- 	No.

		Oedden nhw'n arfer canu? 	- 	Oedden.
		- Did they used to sing? 	- 	Yes.

	3.	Let's revise the most common question words

			Ble?			-	Where?	
			Pryd?			-	When?
			Sut?			-	How?	
			Pam?			-	Why?
			Gyda phwy?	-	With whom?

		Ble roeddet ti'n arfer chwarae? 	- Yn y cae.
		- Where did you used to play? 		- In the field.

		Pryd roedd hi'n arfer chwarae hoci?	- 	Yn y gaeaf.
		- When did she used to play hockey? - 	In (the) winter.

		Gyda phwy roedden nhw'n arfer canu? 	- 	Gyda ffrindiau.
		- With whom did they used to sing? 		- 	With friends.

		Pam roeddech chi'n arfer rhedeg? 	- I gadw'n heini.
		- Why did you used to run? 		- To keep fit.

		Sut roedd y plant yn arfer mynd i'r ysgol?	- 	Ar y bws.
		- How did the children used to go to school?	- 	On the bus.

	Notice that the short replies used above are the ones normally used in 		conversation. There is no need to use complete sentences.

RHAN 2

	1. 	pan	     -      when

	This is the conjunction or linking word 'when' (not the ‘When?’ which asks 	a question,  which in Welsh is ‘Pryd?’)

	We can use the Imperfect forms after 'pan' - omitting the initial 'r'

			Pan oeddwn i'n ifanc		-	When I was young
			Pan oedd y plant yn y gwely	-	When the children were in bed
			Pan oedden ni yn Llundain		-	When we were in London

	We can now extend our sentences and link what we learnt in RHAN 1 		with the ‘pan’ pattern

		Pan oeddwn i'n ifanc, roeddwn i'n arfer dawnsio.
		- When I was young, I used to dance.

		Pan oedden nhw yn yr ysgol, roedden nhw'n arfer gwneud symiau.
		- When they were in school, they used to do sums.

		Pan oedd hi'n ifanc, roedd hi'n arfer chwarae hoci.
		- When she was young, she used to play hockey.

		Pan oedden ni'n byw yn Llundain, roedden ni'n arfer siopa yn Harrods.
		- When we were living in London, we used to shop at Harrods.
	
	Or we could use a different word order

		Roeddwn i'n arfer tynnu lluniau, pan oeddwn i yn Ysgol Treorci.
		- I used to draw pictures, when I was at Treorci School.

		Roedd Basil yn arfer rhedeg, pan oedd e (o) yn Ysgol Caerfyrddin.
		- Basil used to run, when he was in Carmarthen School.

	We could ask questions too

		Oeddet ti'n arfer tynnu lluniau, pan oeddet ti yn yr ysgol? 	- 	Oeddwn.
		- Did you used to draw pictures, when you were at school? 	- 	Yes.

		Oedd Basil yn arfer rhedeg, pan oedd e'n ifanc?  	- 	Oedd.
		- Did Basil used to run, when he was young?   		- 	Yes.

		Pan oedd Mary'n ifanc, oedd hi'n arfer byw yng Nghaerdydd?	-   Nac oedd.
		- 	When Mary was young, did she used to live in Cardiff?   	-   No.

		Pan oeddet ti yn ifanc, oeddet ti'n arfer hoffi gwneud symiau?  -  Nac oeddwn.
		- When you were young, did you used to like doing arithmetic? -  No.

	2.	The negative forms

		Doeddwn i ddim yn arfer		-	I didn't used to
		Doeddet ti ddim yn arfer		-	you didn't used to
		Doedd e (o) / hi ddim yn arfer	-	he / she didn't used to

			Doedden ni ddim yn arfer		-	we didn't used to
			Doeddech chi ddim yn arfer		-	you didn't used to
			Doedden nhw ddim yn arfer		-	they didn't used to

		Doeddwn i ddim yn arfer smygu.
		- I didn't used to smoke.

		Doedden nhw ddim yn arfer ymladd.
		- They didn't used to fight.

		Doedd Ann ddim yn arfer rhegi.
		- Ann didn't used to swear.

	The impression given by the above sentences of course, is that the 		 	situation has now changed!!  It’s not true in Ann’s case, I can assure you!
	But just to make things clear, we could add a few words -

		Doeddwn i ddim yn arfer smygu, a dydw i ddim nawr.
		- I didn't used to smoke, and I don’t now.

		Doedden nhw ddim yn arfer ymladd, a dydyn nhw ddim rwan.
		- They didn't used to fight, and they don’t now.

		Doedd Ann ddim yn arfer rhegi, a dydy hi ddim nawr.
		- Ann didn't used to swear, and she doesn’t now.

	We can extend our sentences by using ‘pan’ again

		Doeddwn i ddim yn arfer chwarae hoci, pan oeddwn i'n byw yn Lloegr.
		- I didn't used to play hockey, when I was living in England.

		Pan oedd Tom yn gweithio yn Saudi Arabia, doedd e ddim yn arfer yfed 		brandi.
		- When Tom was working in Saudi Arabia, he didn't used to drink 			   brandy.

	3.	Note the following useful expressions

			Pan oeddwn i'n fachgen bach   -     when I was a little boy
			Pan oeddwn i'n ferch fach 	   	-      when I was a little girl

		Pan oeddwn i'n fachgen bach, roeddwn i'n arfer canu mewn c™r.
		- When I was a little boy, I used to sing in a choir.

		Doeddwn i ddim yn arfer chwarae rygbi, pan oeddwn i'n fachgen bach.
		- I didn't used to play rugby, when I was a little boy.

		Doeddwn i ddim yn arfer hoffi caws, pan oeddwn i'n ferch fach.
		- I didn't used to like cheese, when I was a little girl.

		Pan oeddwn i'n ferch fach, roeddwn i'n arfer hoffi gwneud symiau, 
		- When I was a little girl, I used to like doing sums.