GWERS 34				       

CYFLWYNYDD:    BASIL DAVIES

NOD:	    Still getting to grips with the Past Tense - concentrating on the
	    plural forms  -  ‘we’, ‘you’ and ‘them’.

	Geirfa

	yfed	-	to drink 	canu		-	to sing
	peintio	-	to paint	dysgu	-	to learn / teach	aros	-	to stay	siarad ‰	-	to talk / speak to
	talu am	-	to pay for	newid	-	to change		gofyn	-	to ask	teithio	-	to travel		trwsio	-	to repair
		
	cyngerdd	-	concert	dosbarth	-	class
	tocyn(nau)	-	ticket(s)	olwyn	-	wheel
	tafarn	-	pub.	tr�n	-	underground				                        danddaear               train
	tywydd	-	weather	y gegin	-	the kitchen
	y lolfa	-	the lounge

	cwrw	-	beer	cig moch	-	bacon
	malwod	-	snails	caws	-	cheese
	bara	-	bread	bwyd	-	food

	Rhufain	-	Rome 	y Pab	-	the Pope
	Efrog Newydd	-	New York
					
	dros nos	-	overnight	y llynedd	-	last year		yn ddiddorol	-	interesting	yn ddrud	-	(very) expensive 				    (iawn)
	o gwmpas	-	around 	yn anffodus	-	unfortunately 
	yno	-	there 	am dro bach	-	for a little walk
	i mewn i	-	into 	llawer o	-	a lot of

	i frecwast	-	for breakfast	i ginio	-	for lunch / dinner
	i de	-	for tea	i swper	-	for supper

RHAN 1

	1.	You are fully aware by now that the 2nd person plural  (you) 
	 ending in Welsh is

			- och chi

		gweld		-	fe / mi weloch chi	
		cerdded	-	fe / mi gerddoch chi
		dysgu		-	fe / mi ddysgoch chi

		Let's ask a few questions using ‘Beth?’

		bwyta	-	Beth fwytoch chi i frecwast?
				- What did you eat for breakfast?

		darllen	-	Beth ddarllenoch chi?
				- What did you read?

		gweld	-	Beth weloch chi ar y teledu?
				- What did you see on television?

		prynu	-	Beth brynoch chi yn y dref?
				- What did you buy in town?

		yfed	-		Beth yfoch chi yn y tafarn?
					- What did you drink in the pub?

	2.	Let's asume you want to give a plural (we) reply.  The ending is

	- on ni

	Fe fwyton ni gig moch.
	- We ate bacon.

	Mi ddarllenon ni'r Western Mail.
	- We read the Western Mail.

	Fe welon ni Grandstand.
	- We saw Grandstand.
	Fe brynon ni betrol.
	- We bought petrol.

	Fe yfon ni gwrw.
	- We drank beer.

	Mi arhoson ni mewn gwesty.
	- We stayed in an hotel.

	Notice the root of ‘aros’  (arhos - )

	3.	Remember to mutate the object of the verb

		Fe yfon ni gwrw.
		Mi brynon ni betrol.
Fe fwyton ni gig moch.
		Mi darllenon ni lyfr.

	4.	The Past Tense ending for 'they' is the same as that for 'we'

	- on nhw

	Beth welon nhw ym Mharis?
	- What did they see in Paris?

	Beth beintion nhw yn y tþ?
	- What did they paint in the house?

	Beth ganon nhw yn y cyngerdd?
	- What did they sing in the concert?

	Beth ddysgon nhw yn y dosbarth?
	- What did they learn in (the) class?

	5.	We use the same endings also in our replies, of course

	Fe welon nhw Dðr Eiffel.
	- They saw the Eiffel Tower.

	Fe beintion nhw'r gegin.
	- They painted the kitchen.
	Mi ganon nhw'r Meseia.
	- They sang the Messiah.

	Fe ddysgon nhw sut i drwsio'r car.
	- They learnt how to repair the car.

	Mi ddysgon nhw (sut) i newid olwyn.
	- They learnt (how) to change a wheel.

RHAN 2

	1.	As you know, negative sentences are formed by dropping the positive
	marker ‘Mi / Fe’ and adding 'ddim'

	Fe aethon ni		-	Aethon ni ddim
	Mi fwyton ni		-	Fwyton ni ddim
	Fe welon nhw		-	Welon nhw ddim

	Remember that verbs beginning with C, P and T will undergo an 	Aspirate Mutation in the negative

	prynu	-	Fe brynon nhw	-	Phrynon nhw ddim
	talu	-	Mi dalon ni		-	Thalon ni ddim
	canu	-	Fe ganon ni		-	Chanon ni ddim

	By the way - it's very important to get mutations in perspective.  Teachers
naturally have to point them out.  But initially don't let them stop you from communicating!!  

It is not a major calamity if you say

	Brynon nhw ddim        instead of            Phrynon nhw ddim
	Dalon ni ddim		   instead of	        Thalon ni ddim
	Ganon ni ddim	   instead of	        Chanon ni ddim

People will understand you.  And that's the crucial factor.

	2.	ond	  -	but

	This is very useful in joining a negative statement to a positive one.

	Fe aethon ni i Baris ond fwyton ni ddim malwod.
	- We went to Paris but we didn't eat snails.

	Mi aethon nhw i Lundain ond arhoson nhw ddim dros nos.
	- They went to London but they didn't stay overnight.

	Fe aethon ni i Rufain ond siaradon ni ddim ‰'r Pab.
	- We went to Rome but we didn't speak to the Pope.
													
	3.	We can ask questions using ‘Pwy?’ (Whom?), ‘Ble?’ (Where?) and 
	‘Pryd?’ (When?)

	You need not use a full sentence in your reply

	Pwy welon nhw yn y parc?
	- Whom did they see in the park?
	(Fe welon nhw) John, Mary a'r plant.
	- (They saw) John Mary and the children.

	Pryd prynon nhw'r camera?
	- When did they buy the camera?
	(Fe brynon nhw'r camera) y llynedd.
	- (They bought the camera) last year.

	Ble bwytoch chi yng Nghaerdydd?
	- Where did you eat in Cardiff?
	(Fe fwyton ni) yn Zio Pin.
	 - (We ate) in Zio Pin.

	4.	You also know how to ask direct questions

	The answers you'll remember are:

	Do		-	Yes
	Naddo	-	No

	Weloch chi Dðr Eiffel?   -   Do.
	- Did you see the Eiffel Tower?   -   Yes.
	
	Fwyton nhw falwod?
	- Did they eat snails?
	Naddo, ond fe fwyton nhw lawer o gaws.
	- No, but they ate a lot of cheese.

	Dalon nhw am y tocynnau?
	- Did they pay for the tickets?
	Do, ac roedden nhw'n ddrud iawn.
	- Yes, and they were very expensive.

	Ddarllenoch chi'r 'Western Mail' ddoe?
	- Did you read the 'Western Mail' yesterday?
	Naddo, achos phrynais i ddim papur ddoe.
	- No, because I didn't buy a paper yesterday.

	5.	Sgwrs

Nigel:	Ydych chi wedi bod yn America?
	Basil:	Ydw.  Fe es i i Efrog Newydd gyda ffrind ym 1984.	Nigel:	Beth wnaethoch chi yno?
Basil:	Fe aethon ni o gwmpas Long Island, ac fe welon ni 	‘Cats’ yn Broadway.	
	Nigel:	Aethoch chi i weld ‘The Statue of Liberty’?
	Basil:	Naddo, ond fe welon ni'r ‘Statue’ wrth gwrs.	
	Nigel:	Beth fwytoch chi yn Efrog Newydd?
	Basil:	Fe fwyton ni lawer o salad a llawer o hambyrgers, a 		llawer o donyts!
	Nigel:	Yfoch chi Budweiser?		
	Basil:	Naddo, ond fe yfon ni lawer o goca cola.	
	Nigel:	Gerddoch chi yn Central Park?		
	Basil:	Do, fe aethon ni am dro bach yn y Parc, ond doedd y
	tywydd ddim yn dda iawn.
	Nigel:	Ble cysgoch chi?
	Basil:	Yn anffodus, chysgon ni ddim yn Y Plaza Hotel!  Fe
	gysgon ni yn Brooklyn gyda ffrindiau.  Fe ofynnon 	nhw i ni aros gyda nhw.  Fe deithion ni i mewn i 	Efrog Newydd ar y tr�n danddaear.		
	Nigel:	Ddarllenoch chi'r graffiti?
	Basil:	Do, mae'r graffiti'n ddiddorol iawn.  Mae rhaid i ti 		fynd yno i weld y graffiti.