GWERS 3

CYFLWYNYDD:   BASIL DAVIES

NOD:	To ask who you are and where you live, work and do your 	shopping.

	Geirfa

		Pwy?	-	Who?	           Ble?		-	Where?

		byw		-	to live		gweithio	-	to work
		siopa	-	to shop		

		yn		-	in 		ond		-	but
		a /ac		-	and		hefyd		-	too / also

RHAN 1

1.				ydych chi	-       are you

			Pwy ydych chi?
			- Who are you?

2. 					ydw i		-      am I

		We can reply simply by merely giving the name:

			Pwy ydych chi?  -  Nigel!
			- Who are  you?  -  Nigel!

	Or we can use a complete sentence:

			Nigel ydw i!
			- Nigel am I!     ( i.e. I’m Nigel!)	

		Note how the important information - the person's name - comes  			first in Welsh, unlike the English sentence.

3. 		Let’s change the question around. I’ll pretend I’ve lost my memory!

			Pwy ydw i?  		 -  	 Basil ydych chi!
(Who am I?)	 	 -	 (Basil are you!   / You’re  Basil!)

4. 		Let’s make statements. We’ll confirm our identity!

			Gwyn ydw i!		-	I'm Gwyn!        (Gwyn am I)
				Gwen ydych chi!	-	You’re Gwen!   (Gwen are you)

	5.				Rydw i		-	I am / I do
					Rydych chi		-	You are / You do

					byw			-	to live
					yn byw		-	living

		To form a sentence:

				Rydw i  +  yn byw		Rydych chi  +  yn byw
				 (I am     +  living)		 (You are      +  living)

		Because ‘yn’ follows a vowel, we abbreviate it to ‘n

			Rydw i’n byw….. 
			 (I am living / I live / I do live…..)

			Rydych chi’n byw…..
		 (You are living / you live / you do live…..)

6. 		To ask a ‘Where?’ question, all we need to do is place ‘Ble?’ in front of 
 	these verb forms

			Ble rydych chi’n byw?
			- Where do you live (are you living)?

		My memory has gone again!

			Ble rydw i’n byw?
			- Where do I live (am I living)?

7. 		We can reply by stating, simply ‘in a certain place’. The Welsh word 	for ‘in’ is ‘yn’:

			Ble rydych chi’n byw?  -  Yn Aberystwyth.
			- Where do you live?    -   In Aberystwyth.

		Or we can use a complete sentence:

			Ble rydych chi’n byw?     -     Rydw i’n byw yn Aberystwyth.
                   - Where do you live?       -	    I live in Aberystwyth.

	8.	You already know that 'yn' means 'in'. Unfortunately it is not the most 		straightforward of words.  I'll show you what I mean:

				Caerdydd		-	yng Nghaerdydd
				Caernarfon		-	yng Nghaernarfon
				Cricieth		-	yng Nghricieth
				Caerfyrddin		-	yng Nghaerfyrddin
	
	As you can see, the initial letter ‘C’ nasalizes to’ Ngh under the 			influence of this word 'yn'.  The 'yn' itself also changes - to make it 		easier to glide the two words together when we speak. 

	i.e ‘yng Nghaerdydd’ is easier to say than ‘yn Nghaerdydd’.

	By the way, rules like this litter the language.  In the initial stages of 		learning Welsh do not get bogged down with excessive details 		like this.  It is far more important to learn the structure - getting the 		words in the correct order!  These minor changes will come in their 		own good time.  Meanwhile try to learn a few examples parrot 			fashion.	

			Ble rydych chi’n byw?
- Rydw i’n byw yng Nghaerffili.
- Rydw i’n byw yng Nghaernarfon.
- Rydw i’n byw yng Nghricieth.

9. 	I might want to say where I don’t live!

			Rydw i		-	I am / I do	
 				Dydw i ddim		-	I’m not / I don’t

				Rydych chi		-	You are / You do
				Dydych chi ddim	-	You aren’t / You don’t

			Dydw i ddim yn byw yng Nghricieth.
			- I don't live in Cricieth.

			Dydych chi ddim yn byw yn Aberystwyth.
			- You don't live in Aberystwyth.

10. 		When we speak naturally in Welsh, we tend to abbreviate certain 	words. We do this when we speak English too, of course ( ‘aren’t’ 	for ‘are not’, ‘she’ll’ for ‘she will’, ‘bread ‘n’ butter’ for ‘bread and 	butter’ and so on). 

	These are the forms you might hear:

		‘Dw i’n byw yng Nghaerdydd.
		‘Dw i ddim yn byw yn Llandudno.
		Ble ‘dw i’n byw?
		Pwy ‘dw i?

		Pwy ‘ych chi?
		Ble r’ych chi’n byw?
		R’ych chi’n byw yn Abergele.
				D’ych chi ddim yn byw yng Nghorris.

RHAN 2

1. 		Let’s change our verb :

				gweithio 		-	to work
				yn gweithio		-	working

			Ble r(yd)ych chi'n gweithio?	
			- Where are you working? / Where do you work?
									
		 	(Ry)dw i'n gweithio yn Aberteifi.
			- I work in Cardigan.

			(Dy)dw i ddim yn gweithio yng Nghlwyd.
			- I don't work in Clwyd.

2. 		‘P’ is another consonant which becomes nasalized after the word ‘yn’	
				Penarth		ym Mhenarth
				Pontypridd		ym Mhontypridd
				Paris			ym Mharis
		You’ll notice that once again the word ‘yn’ itself has changed to ‘ym’  -  
		simply to make it easier to glide the two words together.
	
		Again - put these changes in perspective and don't lose any sleep 			over them!

			Ble r(yd)ych chi'n gweithio?	
			- Where are you working? / Where do you work?

			(Ry)dw i'n gweithio ym Mhenarth.
			- I work in Penarth.

			(Dy)dw i ddim yn gweithio ym Mharis.
			- I don't work in Paris.

3. 		We’ll change the verb again;

				siopa		-	to shop
				yn siopa	-	shopping			
	
			Ble r(yd)ych chi'n siopa?
			- Where do you shop?
		
			(Dy)dw i ddim yn siopa ym Mhorthmadog. (Ry)dw i'n siopa 			yng Nghonwy.
- I don't shop in Porthmadog. I shop in Conwy.

4. 		The words ‘ac /a’ (and) and ‘ond’ (but) are useful.

		(a)	(Ry)dw i'n byw yng Nghaerffili a (ry)dw i'n siopa yng 			         Nghaerffili.
		         - I live in Caerffili and I shop in Caerffili.

		(b)	(Dy)dw i ddim yn byw yn Aberystwyth ond (ry)dw i'n byw yn 			y Barri.  Ond (dy)dw i ddim yn gweithio yn y Barri.  (Ry)dw i'n 			gweithio ym 	Mhontypridd.
- I don't live in Aberystwyth but I live in Barry.  But I don't    
   work in Barry.  I work in Pontypridd.
	
			(Ry)dw i'n byw yn Aberaeron ond (dy)dw i ddim yn siopa yn 			Aberaeron. (Ry)dw i'n siopa yn Aberystwyth.
				- I live in Aberaeron but I don't shop in Aberaeron. I shop in 				  Aberystwyth.

	5.	I could turn the tables and ask a question about myself:

			Ble (ry)dw i'n byw a ble (ry)dw i'n gweithio?
			- Where do I live and where do I work?

		In which case, you would answer:

			Rydych chi'n byw yn y Barri ond dydych chi ddim  yn gweithio 			yn y Barri.  Rydych chi'n gweithio ym Mhontypridd.
			- You live in Barry but you don't work in Barry.  You work in 			  Pontypridd. 

	6.	A possible conversation									
			Gareth:	Hylo.  Gareth ydw i.  Pwy ydych chi?
			Gwyn:	Hylo.  Gwyn ydw i.
			Gareth:	Ble rydych chi'n byw, Gwyn?
			Gareth:	Rydw i'n byw yng Nghaernarfon.  Ble rydych 						chi'n byw?
			Gareth:	Dydw i ddim yn byw yng Nghaernarfon ond 						rydw i'n byw yn Llandudno - ac rydw i'n 						gweithio yn Llandudno.
			Gwyn:	O - rydych chi'n byw ac rydych chi'n gweithio yn 					Llandudno.
			Gareth:	Ydw - ac rydw i’n siopa yn Llandudno hefyd.