GWERS 27

CYFLWYNYDD:   BASIL DAVIES

NOD:	Learning the Past Tense of 'cael' (to have, to receive)  -  i.e  I got / had /
	received etc.

	Geirfa

		tost		-	toast	coffi	-	coffee
		te	-	tea	cig moch	-	bacon
		wy(au)	-	egg(s)	bacwn	-	bacon
		sirial	-	cereal	m�l	-	honey
		sglodion	-	chips		brechdan(au)-	sandwich(es)
		pysgodyn		-	fish		pysgod	-	fish (pl)
		ffrwyth(au)	-	fruit	caws		-	cheese
		teisen  f	-		cake 	 teisennau 	-	cakes
		cacen(nau)  f	-		cake	teisennod 	-	cakes
		llysiau		-		vegetables 	cig 	-	meat
		cawl	-	soup, broth
	
		gwobr f	-	prize	plant	-		children
		swyddfa  f		-	office	amser	-		time
		amser te		-	tea time

		achos		-	because	digon	-	enough
		chwaith		-	either	hefyd		-	too, also
		o gwbl	-		at all 	fel ti		-	like you
		cyn		- 	before	heb laeth	-	without milk
		tua		-	about 	yn fawr iawn-	very much

		cwpanaid o de			-	a cup of tea (N.W.)
		'paned 				-	a 'cuppa' (colloquial)

		dysglaid o de			-	a cup of tea (S.W.)
		dishgled 				-	a 'cuppa' (colloquial)		

RHAN 1

1. 		Note the two meanings of the preposition 'i'

		‘i’ is always followed by a Soft Mutation

	   (a)	to

			i Fangor				-	to Bangor
			i Goleg y Barri		-	to Barry College

	(b)	for  (a meal)

			i frecwast		-	for breakfast
			i ginio			-		for lunch
			i ginio nos		-		for dinner
			i de			-		for tea
			i swper			-		for supper

	2.	(a)	Fe / Mi ges       -       I had (got / received)

			Fe ges i gig moch i frecwast.
			- I had bacon for breakfast.

			Mi ges i dost i frecwast heddiw.
- I had toast for breakfast today.

			Fe ges i goffi i frecwast ddoe.
			- I had coffee for breakfast yesterday.

			Mi ges i f�l i frecwast y bore 'ma.
			- I had honey for breakfast this morning.

		Note carefully how the object (which answers the question 			What?  after the verb) undergoes a Soft Mutation.

			Notice the similarity to the Past Tense of 'mynd' (to go)

Fe/Mi es i	-		I went			

(b) 		Ches i ddim       -       I didn't have  (get / receive)

		There is a change of mutation in the negative forms.  Just learn 			them parrot fashion for the time being.

		Ches i ddim brecwast y bore ‘ma.	
			- I didn't have breakfast this morning.

			Ches i ddim tost.	
			- I didn't have (any) toast.

			Ches i ddim te.	
			- I didn't have (any) tea.

			Ches i ddim sirial chwaith.
			- I didn't have (any) cereal either.

		You'll notice that the object does NOT mutate after the negative 		verb (because the mutation appears on 'ddim')

		Notice also that there is no need to translate the word 'any' into Welsh.

	3.	(a)	Fe / Mi gest ti      -      You had (got / received)

			Fe ges i dost i frecwast ond fe gest ti gig moch ac wy.
			- I had toast for breakfast but you had bacon and egg.

			Mi gest ti sirial ond ches i ddim sirial.
			- You had cereal but I didn't have cereal.

		(b)	Gest ti?	   -       Did you have (get / receive)?

			Gest ti dost?		
			- Did you have toast?

			Gest ti goffi i frecwast?	
			- Did you have coffee for breakfast?

		Notice the Soft Mutation in the object again
	(c) 	Yes and No replies

		As with all Did? questions the replies are:

			Do	-	Yes
			Naddo	-	No

			Gest ti goffi i frecwast?  -  Naddo, fe ges i de.	
			- Did you have coffee for breakfast?  -  No, I had tea.

			Gest ti dost?  -  Do.		
			- Did you have toast?  -  Yes.

	(ch)	Chest ti ddim      -      You didn't have  (get / receive)

		Remember the Aspirate Mutation in the negative form

			Chest ti ddim

			Fe ges i frecwast ond chest ti ddim brecwast.
			- I had breakfast but you didn't have breakfast.

			Chest ti ddim cinio ddoe.
			- You didn’t have (any) lunch yesterday.

	4.	(a)	Fe/Mi gafodd Mair / Gareth	-	Mair / Gareth had (got / received)
			Fe/Mi gafodd e (o) / hi	-	He / She had

	(i)			Fe gafodd Gareth bysgodyn i ginio nos.
			- Gareth had fish for dinner.

			Mi gafodd e (o) frechdanau i ginio.
			- He had sandwiches for lunch.

		Once again notice the mutation in the object.

	(ii)	You'll recall that in Welsh we use the 3rd person singular form of 		the verb even though the subject is plural.

			Fe gafodd Gareth a Mair ffrwythau i ginio.
			- Gareth and Mair had fruit for lunch.

			Mi gafodd y plant sglodion i ginio.
			- The children had chips for lunch.

	(b)	Gafodd Mair / hi / e (o) / y plant?	-	Did Mair / she / he / the children
							    have  (get / receive)?

		Gafodd y plant sglodion i ginio?  Do.
			- Did the children have chips for lunch?  -  Yes.

			Gafodd e frechdanau i ginio?  -  Naddo, mi gafodd o gawl.
			- Did he have sandwiches for lunch?  -  No, he had soup.

	(c)	Chafodd Mair ddim	-	Mair didn't have
		Chafodd y plant ddim	-	The children didn't get
		Chafodd e (o) / hi ddim	-	He / She didn't receive

			Chafodd Mair ddim brechdanau.
			- Mair didn't have (any) sandwiches.

		Chafodd y plant ddim cinio o gwbl.
		- The children didn't have (any) lunch at all.

RHAN 2

	1.	(a)	Fe / Mi gawson ni       -       We had (got / received)

			Fe gawson ni gwpanaid ('baned) o de a brechdanau.
			- We had a cup of tea and sandwiches.

			Mi gawson ni deisen i de.
			- We had cake for tea.

	(b)	Gawson ni?		-       Did we have  (get / receive)?

			Gawson ni'r wobr?  -  Do.
			- Did we have the prize?  -  Yes.

		          Gawson ni’r ateb cywir?  -  Naddo.
			- Did we have the right answer?  -  No.

	(c)	Chawson ni ddim	-	We didn't have  (get / receive)

			Chawson ni ddim brecwast heddiw.
			- We didn't have breakfast today.

			Chawson ni ddim amser.
			- We didn’t have time. 

	2.	(a)	Fe / Mi gawsoch chi       -      You had (got / received)

			Fe gawsoch chi gig i swper.
			- You had meat for supper.

	(b)	Chawsoch chi ddim       -       You didn't have  (receive / get)

			Chawsoch chi ddim swper achos roeddech chi'n hwyr.
			- You didn't have (any) supper because you were late.

	(c) 	Gawsoch chi?	     -      Did you have  (receive / get)?

		Mr Jones, gawsoch chi gawl i swper? -  Naddo, salad.
		- Mr Jones, did you have broth for supper? - No, salad.

			Gawsoch chi ddigon?  -  Do, diolch..
			- Did you have enough?  -  Yes, thanks.

		Notice the mutation in the word 'plant' when they are addressed 		directly as in the following question.

			Blant, gawsoch chi ddigon?  
			- Children, did you have enough?  

	3.	(a)	Fe/Mi gawson nhw	     -	    They had  (got / received)

		You will notice that the 'we' and the 'they' ending is the same

			Mi gawson nhw deisen.
			- They had (some) cake.

	(b)	Chawson nhw ddim      -      They didn't  (get / receive)

			Chawson nhw ddim dishgled o de amser te.
			- They didn't have a cup of tea (at) tea time.

	(c)	Gawson nhw?    	-	Did they have  (receive / get)?

			Gawson nhw de?  -  Do.
			- Did they have tea?  -  Yes.

	4.	(a)	We could place the word Beth? in front of the question forms, of 			course.

			Beth gest ti i frecwast?   
			 - What did you have for breakfast?

			Beth gafodd y plant i swper?
			- What did the children have for supper?

			Beth gawsoch chi i de ddoe?
			- What did you have for tea yesterday?

			Beth gawson nhw i ginio yn yr ysgol heddiw?
			- What did they have for lunch in school today?

	(b)	Replies can be either positive or negative

			Beth gest ti i ginio heddiw?
			- Fe ges i gig a llysiau.
			- Ches i ddim cinio heddiw.  Roeddwn i'n rhy brysur.

	5.	Sgwrs

		Basil:	Beth gest ti i frecwast y bore 'ma?
		Nigel:	Fe ges i dost a marmaled.  'Dw i ddim yn hoffi cig 					moch ac wyau i frecwast.
		Basil:	Gest ti sirial?
		Nigel:	Naddo, 'dw i ddim yn hoffi sirial.  Beth gest ti?
		Basil:	Cwpanaid o de ac, fel ti, tost, ond tost a m�l (honey).  				Beth gafodd dy blant i frecwast?
		Nigel:	Maen nhw'n hoffi sirial.  Felly, fe gawson nhw sirial.  				Gest ti sglodion i ginio?
		Basil:	Naddo.  'Dw i'n hoffi sglodion yn fawr iawn, ond fe 					ges i frechdanau i ginio.  'Dw i'n bwyta cinio yn y 					swyddfa.
		Nigel:	Fe ges i frechdanau i ginio hefyd - brechdanau caws.  				Gest ti goffi i ginio?
		Basil:	Do, coffi 'instant' heb laeth.  Sut rwyt ti'n hoffi coffi?
		Nigel:	'Dw i'n hoffi llaeth ond dim siwgr.
		Basil:	Gest ti swper mawr?
		Nigel:	Naddo.  Ches i ddim swper achos roeddwn i'n 					chwarae rygbi ond fe ges i ffrwythau cyn y g�m.  Beth 				gest ti i swper?
		Basil:	'Dw i ddim yn cael te o gwbl ond 'dw i'n cael swper 					tua chwech o'r gloch a neithiwr fe gawson ni gig a 					llysiau.

		 		

	5.	Here are the full Past Tense forms of the verb 'cael' (to have)

		1.	  Fe/Mi ges i			Ges i?			Ches i ddim
		2.   Fe/Mi gest ti			Gest ti?			Chest ti ddim
	3.   Fe/Mi gafodd Tom	Gafodd Tom?	Chafodd Tom ddim
		  Fe/Mi gafodd e(o)/hi	Gafodd e(o)/hi?	Chafodd e(o)/hi ddim
	
	1.   Fe/Mi gawson ni	Gawson ni?		Chawson ni ddim
	2.	  Fe/Mi gawsoch chi	Gawsoch chi?	Chawsoch chi ddim
	3.	  Fe/Mi gawson nhw	Gawson nhw?	Chawson nhw ddim