GWERS 23

CYFLWYNYDD:   CENNARD DAVIES

NOD:	    Learning to describe people further by commenting on personal features.

	Geirfa

		wyneb	-	face		
		hir	-	long		sgwâr	-		square
		crwn	-	round

		trwyn	-	nose		
		smwt	-	snub		syth		-		straight
		cam	-	crooked

		clust(iau)	-	ear(s)		
		bach	-	small		mawr		-		large, big
		amlwg	-	prominent

		gwallt		-	hair
		cyrliog		-	curly	syth		-		straight
		hir		-	long	byr		-		short
		trwchus		-	thick	tenau		-		thin
		tonnog		-	wavy	

		llygaid	-	eyes		boch(au)	- 		cheek(s)

		glas		-	blue			brown		-		brown
		gwyrdd		-	green		coch		-		red, rosy
		du		-	black	brown	-		brown
		melyn		-	fair, blond	coch		-		ginger
		gwyn		-	white	llwyd		-		grey
		
		moel		-	bald

		rhai		-	ones		rhai bach	-		small ones
		un		-	one		un coch		-		a red one

RHAN 1

1.	I'm sure you recall the 'possession' pattern (see Gwersi 8 + 9).

				Mae car 'da fi (gen i).		 
				- I have a car.

				Oes ffôn 'da ti? (gen ti?)		     
				-  Do you have a 'phone?

				Does dim video 'da Tom (gan Tom).
	- Tom hasn't got a video.

	We use this pattern also when we describe people:

				Mae wyneb crwn 'da hi .   (ganddi hi)
				-  She has a round face.

			Mae gwallt byr 'da Nigel    (gan Nigel).
		     	-  Nigel has short hair.

				Mae clustiau amlwg 'da Gwyn.   (gan Gwyn).
			- Gwyn has prominent ears.

		Mae trwyn smwt ‘da hi.   (ganddi hi).
	-  She has a snub nose.

	2.	We could ask questions:

				Oes clustiau mawr 'da Gwyn?   (gan Gwyn)
	- Does Gwyn have large ears?

				Oes wyneb sgwâr ‘da fe ?   (ganddo fo)
				- Has he got a square face?

					Oes bochau coch ‘da hi?   (ganddi hi)
					- Does she have rosy cheeks?

3.	Or we could make negative statements:

				Does dim trwyn smwt 'da'r plentyn.     (gan y plentyn)
	- The child doesn’t have a snub nose.

				Does dim wyneb sgwâr ‘da fe.   (ganddo fo)
				- He hasn’t got a square face.

4.	We could also use the Past Tense quite easily:

				Roedd clustiau amlwg 'da Gwyn.   (gan Gwyn).
			- Gwyn had prominent ears.

				Oedd wyneb sgwâr ‘da hi ?    (ganddi hi)
				- Did she have a square face?
			
				Doedd dim gwallt cyrliog ‘da fe.   (ganddo fo)
				-  He didn’t have curly hair.

	5.	Note for learners in North Wales.  When using the 'gan' pattern, 			there is a choice of word order.

			Mae wyneb crwn ganddi hi.
			Mae ganddi hi wyneb crwn.

			Roedd trwyn smwt gan y plentyn.
			Roedd gan y plentyn drwyn smwt.

			Oes clustiau amlwg gan Gwyn?
			   Oes gan Gwyn glustiau amlwg?

	Notice the Soft Mutation in the 2nd of the two sentences.

	6.	Sometimes, we wish to use more than one  adjective:

			Oedd gwallt hir, tonnog, melyn 'da'r ferch?   (gan y ferch)
- Did the girl have long, wavy hair?

			Mae gwallt byr, cyrliog, du 'da Nigel.    (gan Nigel)
		     	- Nigel has short, curly, black hair.

RHAN 2

	1.	Pa fath o ......?	     -         What sort of ......?   /  What kind of ......?

	As always, 'o' is followed by a Soft Mutation.

		Pa fath o wallt?	-	What kind of hair?
		Pa fath o drwyn?	-	What sort of nose?	

	2.	In the Present Tense, the form of the verb which follows this pattern
	is ‘sydd’ (sy')

			Pa fath o wallt sy’ 'da Tom ?   (gan Tom)
			- What kind of hair does Tom have?

			Pa fath o lygaid sy' 'da hi?   (ganddi hi).
- What kind of eyes has she got?

	3.	In the Past Tense, the form of the verb is ‘oedd’

				Pa fath o drwyn oedd ‘da  Pinoccio?   (gan Pinoccio)
				- What kind of nose did Pinoccio have? 

				Pa fath o wyneb oedd ‘da  Napoleon?   ( gan Napoleon)  
			- What sort of face did Napoleon have?

	4.	We don’t have to use a complete sentence in our reply

				Pa fath o wallt sy’ 'da Tom ?   (gan Tom)
			- Gwallt syth, byr.
			- Short, straight hair.

			Pa fath o lygaid sy' 'da hi?   (ganddi hi).
			- Llygaid mawr, glas.
			- Big, blue eyes.

			Pa fath o drwyn oedd ‘da  Pinoccio?   (gan Pinoccio)
			- Trwyn hir iawn.
			- A very long nose.

			Pa fath o wyneb oedd ‘da  Napoleon?   ( gan Napoleon)
			- Wyneb crwn.
			- A round face.

	5.	It is more natural to avoid repeating the noun and to use ‘one’ (‘un’) or
		‘ones’ (‘rhai’) instead.

				Pa fath o drwyn oedd ‘da  Pinoccio?   (gan Pinoccio)
				- Un hir iawn.
			- A very long one.

			Pa fath o lygaid sy' 'da hi?   (ganddi hi).
			- Rhai mawr, glas.
			- Big, blue ones.

	6.	Notice the difference between these pairs of sentences.

		     	Mae gwallt cyrliog, 'da Tom.   (gan Tom)
		    	- Tom has curly hair.
		     	Mae gwallt Tom yn gyrliog.
		    	 	- Tom's hair is curly.

			Roedd trwyn cam ‘da Julius Caesar.   (gan Julius Caesar)
			- Julius Caesar had a crooked nose.
			Roedd trwyn Julius Caesar yn gam.
			- Julius Caesar’s nose was crooked.
			Mae llygaid glas ‘da’r plant.   (gan y plant)
			- The children have blue eyes.
			Mae llygaid y plant yn las.
			- The children’s eyes are blue.

	You’ll remember from Gwersi 2, 10, 16 and 20 in particular that we always
	place ‘yn’ in front of an adjective when it stands independently.

	The adjective which follows ‘yn’ undergoes a Soft Mutation.

	Do you remember such sentences as the following?  

			Mae hi’n boeth yn y Sahara.
			Roedd Marilyn Monroe yn bert.
			‘Dw i’n dal.

	If we refer to more than one characteristic, we must repeat the 'yn'.

		    	 Mae gwallt Emyr yn fyr ac yn gyrliog.
		     	- Emyr's hair is short and curly.

		Roedd llygaid Elin  yn fawr ac yn las.
		- Elin’s eyes were large and blue.

	7.	Sgwrs

	Cennard:	Mae cwestiwn 'da fi i ti, Nigel.  Mae e'n dal, yn denau ac 	yn olau.  Mae e'n dod o Abertawe'n wreiddiol ac mae e'n 	Dori. Pwy ydy e?
	Nigel:		Michael Heseltine, wrth gwrs.  Cwestiwn hawdd iawn!  	Nawr cwestiwn i ti.  Mae e'n dal.  Mae gwallt byr, 	cyrliog 'da fe ac mae e'n gallu rhedeg yn dda iawn.  Pwy 	ydy e, Cennard?
	Cennard:	Ydy e'n chwarae rygbi?
	Nigel:		Nac ydy, ond mae e'n dod o Gaerdydd.
	Cennard:	Colin Jackson?
	Nigel:		Iawn, unwaith eto.
	Cennard:	Un cwestiwn i orffen.  Mae hi'n dal ac yn denau.  Mae 	wyneb crwn 'da hi ac mae hi'n bert iawn.  Mae hi'n 	gweithio ar y teledu.
	Nigel:		Ydy hi'n dod o Gymru?
	Cennard:	Ydy.
	Nigel:		Oes map 'da hi?
	Cennard:	Oes.
	Nigel:		Ac mae hi'n dweud, 'Mae hi'n bwrw glaw yng Nghymru' 
			bob dydd.
	Cennard:	Ydy, rwyt ti'n iawn unwaith eto.
	Nigel:		Ydw, wrth gwrs.  Michael Fish !!!

wrth gwrs		-	of course			hawdd		-	easy
gallu			-	to be able to (can)	unwaith eto	-	once again
i orffen		-	to finish			dweud		-	to say
bwrw glaw		-	to rain			bob dydd		-	every day