GWERS 22

CYFLWYNYDD:    ANN M. JONES

NOD:	To look at what we must and must not do in order to lose weight.

	Geirfa

		colli pwysau	-	to lose	colli llawer	-	to lose a 				  weight			  lot / much
		rhedeg	-	to run	yfed	-	to drink
		loncian	-	to jog	cerdded	-	to walk
		ymarfer	-	to exercise	peidio (‰)	-	to refrain from /
			  to train				not to
		cadw'n heini	-	to keep fit	eistedd	-	to sit
		ymarfer	to train

		dðr	-	water 	bara	-	bread
		ffrwythau	-	fruit	llysiau	-	vegetables
		tatws	-	potatoes       losin	-	sweets
		creision	-	crisps	cwrw	-	beer
	
		bob dydd	-	every day	i'r gwaith	-	to (the) work			hefyd	-	too, also	diolch byth	-	thank goodness
		gobeithio	-	I hope /	ar ddeiet	-	on a diet
				  hopefully

		mwy o	-	more	llai o	-	less / fewer

		tew	-	fat	tenau	-	thin

RHAN 1

	1.	(a)	Mae rhaid i fi / i mi	    -         I must / I have to

			Mae rhaid i fi yfed dðr.
- I must drink water.

			Mae rhaid i fi eistedd.
			- I must sit.
			This pattern is followed by a Soft Mutation

			Mae rhaid i fi golli pwysau.
			- I must lose weight.

			Mae rhaid i fi fwyta salad.
			- I must eat salad.

			Mae rhaid i fi gerdded bob dydd.
			- I must walk every day.

		(b)	Does dim rhaid i fi / i mi	-	I don't have to

		Does dim rhaid i fi golli llawer.
		- I don't have to lose much.

		Does dim rhaid i fi redeg yn y parc.
		- I don't have to run in the park.

(c) 		Oes rhaid i fi (i mi)?		-	Must I? / Do I have to?

			Oes rhaid i fi golli pwysau?
			- Do I have to lose weight ?

		You already know  that the replies to all 'Oes?'questions are

			Oes!		-	Yes!
			Nac oes!	-	No!

			Oes rhaid i fi golli pwysau?	-	Oes!
			- Do I have to lose weight ?	-	Yes!
	
			Oes rhaid i fi yfed dðr?		-	Nac oes!
			- Do I have to drink water?	-	No!

	

	2.	(a)	Mae rhaid i ti	    -	You must / have to (singular, familiar)

			Mae rhaid i ti fwyta ffrwythau.
			- You must eat fruit.

			Mae rhaid i ti gadw’n heini.
			- You must keep fit.

	(b)	Does dim rhaid i ti	  -	You don't have to

			Does dim rhaid i ti loncian bob dydd.
- You don't have to jog every day.

	Does dim rhaid i ti golli llawer.
- You don’t have to lose a lot.

	(c)		Oes rhaid i ti?		-	Must you? / Do you have to?

			Oes rhaid i ti golli pwysau?	-	Nac oes, diolch byth..
			- Do you have to lose weight?	-	No, thank goodness.

			Oes rhaid i ti fwyta ffrwythau bob dydd?   -   Oes, wir.
			- Do you have to eat fruit every day?   -   Yes, indeed.

3.		(a)	Mae rhaid i chi	    -	You must / have to (singular polite and plural)

			As you know, the 'chi' form can be used to address one person 			('politely')  -  or more than one person.

			Mae rhaid i chi fwyta ffrwythau.
			- You must eat fruit.

			Mae rhaid i chi gadw’n heini.
			- You have to keep fit.

		Mae rhaid i chi gerdded i'r gwaith.
			- You must walk to work.

	(b)	Does dim rhaid i chi	  -	You don't have to

			Does dim rhaid i chi loncian bob dydd.
- You don't have to jog every day.

	Does dim rhaid i chi golli llawer.
- You don’t have to lose a lot.

	(c)		Oes rhaid i chi?	 -      Must you? / Do you have to?

			Oes rhaid i chi golli llawer?	-	Nac oes, diolch byth..
			- Do you have to lose much?	-	No, thank goodness.

			Oes rhaid i chi fwyta ffrwythau bob dydd?   -   Oes, wir.
			- Must you eat fruit every day?   -   Yes, indeed.

RHAN 2

	1.	(a)		Mae rhaid i Tom	                -	Tom must / has to
	
		Mae rhaid iddo fe (fo)	-	He must / has to

			Mae rhaid i Tom golli pwysau.
			- Tom must lose weight.

			Mae rhaid iddo fe / fo fwyta llai o siocled.
			- He must eat less chocolate.

			Mae rhaid iddo fe ymarfer mwy.
			- He must train more.

	(b)		Does dim rhaid i Tom	   -	   Tom doesn't have to

					Does dim rhaid iddo fe (fo)	   -	   He doesn't have to

						Does dim rhaid i Tom redeg bob dydd.
						- Tom doesn’t have to run every day.

						Does dim rhaid iddo fe / fo ymarfer.
						- He doesn’t have to train.

		(c)	Oes rhaid i Tom?              -	  Must Tom? / does Tom have to?

			Oes rhaid iddo fe (fo) ?    -	  Must he? / does he have to?

				Oes rhaid i Tom beidio (â) bwyta siocoled?  -  Oes.
				- Does Tom have to refrain from eating chocolate?  -  Yes.

			Oes rhaid iddo fe / fo loncian bob dydd?  -  Nac oes.
				- Does he have to jog every day?  -  No.

	2.	(a)	Mae rhaid i Mair	                -	Mair must / has to
	
		Mae rhaid iddi hi	-	She must / has to

			Mae rhaid i Mair golli pwysau.
			- Mair must lose weight.

			Mae rhaid iddi hi fwyta llai o greision.
			- She must eat fewer crisps.
		
			Mae rhaid iddi hi fwyta mwy o lysiau.
			- She must eat more vegetables.

		Notice the Soft Mutation after 'o'

				llysiau		-	mwy o lysiau
				creision		-	llai o greision

	(b)		Does dim rhaid i Mair	   -	   Mair doesn't have to

					Does dim rhaid iddi hi	   -	   She doesn't have to

						Does dim rhaid i Mair redeg bob dydd.
						- Mair doesn’t have to run every day.

						Does dim rhaid iddi hi ymarfer.
						- She doesn’t have to train.	

		(c)	Oes rhaid i Mair?              -	  Must Mair? / does Mair have to?

			Oes rhaid iddi hi ?    -	  Must she? / does she have to?

				Oes rhaid i Mair beidio (â) bwyta siocoled?  -  Oes.
				- Does Mair have to refrain from eating chocolate?  -  Yes.

			Oes rhaid iddi hi loncian bob dydd?  -  Nac oes, ddim bob dydd.
				- Does she have to jog every day?  -  No, not every day.

	3.	(a)		Mae rhaid i ni         -      We must / we have to

				Mae rhaid i ni fwyta mwy o salad.
				- We must eat more salad.

				Mae rhaid i ni beidio (â) bwyta siocoled.
				- We must not eat (refrain from eating) chocolate.

		(b)		Does dim rhaid i ni       -	We don't have to

					Does dim rhaid i ni golli pwysau, diolch byth.
					- We don’t have to lose weight, thank goodness.

					Does dim rhaid i ni fynd ar ddeiet.
					- We don’t have to go on a diet.

		(c)		Oes rhaid i ni?        -        Must we? / Do we have to?

					Oes rhaid i ni loncian?  -  Oes, bob dydd.
					- Must we jog?  -   Yes, every day.

					Oes rhaid i ni fwyta salad?  -  Oes.
- Do we have to eat salad?  -  Yes.

4. 		(a)		Mae rhaid iddyn nhw     -	They must / have to

			Mae rhaid i Basil a Cennard golli pwysau.
			- Basil and Cennard must lose weight.
			Mae rhaid iddyn nhw yfed llai o gwrw.
					- They must drink less beer.

			(Mae) rhaid iddyn nhw beidio (‰) bwyta losin.
					- They must not eat (refrain from eating) sweets.

			Notice - we often leave 'mae' out when using 'peidio (‰)'.

		(b)		Does dim rhaid iddyn nhw	 -	They don't have to

			Does dim rhaid iddyn nhw fwyta salad.
			- They don’t have to eat salad.

			Does dim rhaid iddyn nhw loncian bob dydd.
			- They don’t have to jog every day.

		(c)	Oes rhaid iddyn nhw?     -	Must they? / Do they have to?

			Oes rhaid iddyn nhw gadw’n heini?  -  Oes.
			- Do they have to keep fit?  -  Yes.

			Oes rhaid iddyn nhw yfed llai o gwrw?  -  Oes, wir.
		          - Must they drink less beer?  -  Yes, indeed.

	5. 	Sgwrs

		Arwel:	 Shwmai Rhiannon? Shwd wyt ti?
		Rhiannon:	Iawn diolch.  Ond 'dw i ar ddeiet.  Mae rhaid i fi golli 					pwysau.
		Arwel:	Ond dwyt ti ddim yn dew, Rhiannon.
		Rhiannon:	O - ydw.  Rydw i'n rhy dew.  Mae rhaid i fi beidio ‰ 					bwyta losin a siocoled.  Oes rhaid i ti golli pwysau?
		Arwel:	Nac oes, diolch byth.  Does dim rhaid i fi golli 						pwysau ond mae rhaid i fy ffrindiau Sioned a Bethan 					golli pwysau.  Mae rhaid iddyn nhw fwyta mwy o 					salad a llai o datws.  A mae rhaid iddyn nhw beidio ‰ 					bwyta siocoled.
		Rhiannon:	Mae Bob yn rhy dew hefyd.  Mae rhaid iddo fe golli 					pwysau. Mae rhaid iddo fe redeg yn y parc bob dydd.
		Arwel:	Oes, wir.

	6.	Here are the full forms

		1.   Mae / Does dim / Oes?	rhaid i mi / fi
			2.				rhaid i ti
			3.				rhaid i Tom  / Mair
						rhaid iddo fe (fo)
						rhaid iddi hi

		1.				rhaid i ni
			2.				rhaid i chi
			3.				rhaid iddyn nhw