GWERS 2					

CYFLWYNYDD:   ANN M. JONES

NOD:  	Greetings, Responses and Farewells.

	Geirfa (Vocabulary)

	bore	 -	 morning	prynhawn  	-	afternoon
	noswaith	 -	 evening	 (p'nawn)
	nos	 -	 night   	plant 	-	children
	teulu		 -	 family
	
	da			-	 good		  	wedi blino	 -	tired

		Rydw i        	-    		I am

		yn braf	-  	fine	yn dwym	  -     hot(S.W.)
		yn hyfryd		-    	lovely	yn boeth	  -     hot(N.W)
		yn sych		-    	dry	yn gynnes	  -     warm
		yn wlyb				-     	wet	      	yn ddiflas	  -     miserable
		yn wyntog			- 	windy	yn niwlog	  -     misty, foggy
		yn oer				-    	cold	        	yn gymylog	  -     cloudy	
	
		heddiw		-  	  today 	 y bore 'ma	   -    this morning
		nawr		-     		  now(S.W.)  y p'nawn 'ma  -    this afternoon
		rðan	  	-    		  now(N.W.) heno	  	   -    tonight /
		                                                                                               this evening

		a/ac		 -	    and		  ond	               -    but

RHAN 1

	1.	Greetings

			Bore da!	-	Good morning !
		P'nawn da!		-	Good afternoon!
		Noswaith dda!	-	Good evening !

(a) 		The adjective follows the noun in Welsh  -  whereas it precedes it 	in English.

			Bore da     -   Good morning

		(b)	The 'd' in 'da', softens to 'dd' after the word 'noswaith'.  This 				is called a Soft Mutation and you'll meet this kind of change often 			from now on.  For the time being, just accept it and learn the 				greeting - 'Noswaith dda' - parrot fashion.

	2.	Farewells

		Nos da!			-	Good night!
		Hwyl (fawr)!		-	Cheerio / All the best!
		Da boch chi!		-	Goodbye!

3. 		Practise these greetings and farewells using good Welsh personal
	names:
		
		Bore da, Bethan!	P'nawn da, Dafydd!
		Nos da, Rhiannon! 	Noswaith dda, Angharad!
		Bore da, Euros!	P'nawn da, Rhodri!
		Nos da, Dafydd! 	Noswaith dda, Morgan!
		Hwyl fawr,Bryn!	Da boch chi, Mair!

	4.	Further greetings
	
		Helo/Hylo!			-		Hello!
		Sut mae?			-		How are things?
		(S.W. Shwmai?)
		(N.W. S'mai?)

		Sut rydych chi?		-			How are you?
		(S.W. Shwt 'ych chi?)	
		(N.W. Sut 'dach chi?)	

		Sut mae Tom?			-			How is Tom?
		Sut mae'r plant?		-			How are the children?
		Sut mae'r teulu?	-			How's the family?

5. 		Responses

		Iawn!	 -     Alright / O.K.!  	Da iawn! 	 -	  Very well!
		Eitha(f) da!	 -     Quite well!         	Gweddol!       -       	   Fair!

	   	And you could, of course, add:

		diolch			-	thanks
			diolch yn fawr (iawn) 	-       thank you very much

	6.	An alternative to repeating the question ‘Sut ‘ych chi?’

		A chi?		-	And you?

RHAN 2

	1.	There is no neuter ‘it’ in Welsh.
		
		When talking about the weather, we use 'Mae hi' (lit. 'She is') in the 		present tense.  As there is no neuter 'it' in Welsh, we always refer to 		the weather as 'she'.

	 'Yn' is abbreviated to 'n after a vowel
			
			Mae hi yn braf		> 		Mae hi'n braf 
			Mae hi yn sych		>		Mae hi'n sych

	In ordinary speech the pronoun 'hi' is often omitted, so the  	phrase 'Mae hi'n' is further abbreviated to 'Mae'n'

			Mae hi'n braf 		 > 		Mae'n braf
			Mae hi'n hyfryd	 > 		Mae'n hyfryd

	Examples

			Mae’n wlyb y bore ‘ma.
			- It’s wet this morning.

Mae’n wyntog y p’nawn ‘ma.
- It’s windy this afternoon.

2. 		Agreement

			Ydy!			-	Yes (it is)!
	   		Ydy, diolch byth!	-	Yes, thank goodness!
			Ydy, wir!	-	Yes, indeed!	
			
	Examples

			Mae'n braf heddiw	-	It's fine today.
			Ydy.			-	Yes.
			Mae'n sych heno.	-	It's dry tonight (this evening).
			Ydy, wir!		-	Yes, indeed!
			Mae'n hyfryd nawr	-	It's lovely now, thank goodness.
			(rðan), diolch byth.

3. 		Turning a statement into a question

		on’d ydy?		-	isn’t it?

		Mae’n sych heno, on’d ydy?  -  Ydy, diolch byth!
		- It’s dry tonight, isn’t it?  -  Yes, thank goodness!		

			Mae'n ddiflas y p'nawn ma, on'd ydy?  - Ydy wir - ac yn oer.	
			- It's miserable this afternoon, isn't it?  - Yes indeed - and cold.

	4.	A typical (? ?) conversation!	
		
	        	Bill:		Bore da Elin.
			Elin:		Bore da Bill.  Shwt 'ych chi?
			Bill:		Da iawn diolch.  A chi?
			Elin:		O - gweddol.  Rydw i wedi blino.
			Bill:		Sut mae Gareth?
			Elin:		Iawn diolch.  Mae'n braf y bore 'ma, on'd ydy?
			Bill:		Ydy wir, ac yn sych, diolch byth.
			Elin:		Wel - da boch chi, Bill.
			Bill:		Da boch chi.