GWERS  19

CYFLWYNYDD:   BASIL DAVIES

NOD:   	Learning to use the 'was / were' tense (Imperfect)

	Geirfa

		  	neithiwr	-	last night	ddoe		-	yesterday
		  	dros y Sul 	-	over the	yr wythnos	-	last week
							  weekend	  ddiwetha’
			mil		-	thousand
                                                           
			brawd		-	brother	chwaer	-	sister
		gwraig		-	wife		rhieni		-	parents		gðr		-	husband	plant		-	children
		tþ bwyta	-	restaurant	bwyd		-	food
		bywyd		-	life		p�l droed	-	football
		bachgen ysgol 	-	schoolboy   	trenau   	-	trains

			Ble?		-	Where?	Sut?		-	How?	

				ar ™l		-	after		cyn		-	before	
				gyda		-	with		yn agos i	- 	near / close (to)

			gadael		-	to leave	cael		-	to have
			priodi		-	to marry 	hoffi		-	to like
				newid		-	to change
		
				yn fyw		-	alive 		yn byw	-	living
								
			eich		-	your 		fy		-	my
			o gwbl		-	at all		ardderchog	 -	excellent

				yn y tþ		-	in the house
				yn yr ysgol 	-	in school
			yn Ysgol XX  	-	in XX School
			yn y coleg	-	in college 
			mewn pentref 	-	in a village

			yna		-	then 		yno		-	there

			ar ™l gadael ysgol	-	after leaving school
			ar ™l priodi		-	after getting married
		cyn priodi		- 	before getting married
RHAN 1

	1.	Roeddwn i 	  -	I was

				Roeddwn i yn y tþ neithiwr.
				- I was in the house last night.

				Roeddwn i'n chwarae rygbi yn Abertawe ddydd Sadwrn.
				- I was playing rugby in Swansea on Saturday.

2. 		(a)   Roeddet ti	-	you were

				Roeddet ti’n gweithio ddoe.
				- You were working yesterday.

			(b)    Roeddech chi 	 -	you were

				Roeddech chi yn y parc bore ddoe.
				- You were in the park yesterday morning.

      		(c)    Questions and answers

				Ble roeddet ti neithiwr?
				- Where were you last night?
				Roeddwn i yn y tþ.
				- I was in the house.

				Ble roeddech chi dros y Sul?
				- Where were you over the weekend?
				Roeddwn i'n chwarae yn Abertawe.
				- I was playing in Swansea.

				Ble roeddet ti yn yr ysgol?
				- Where were you in school?
				Roeddwn i yn Ysgol Tredelerch, Caerdydd.
- I was in Rumney School, Cardiff.

	3.	To form the negative, change R to D and add 'ddim' - just as you do 		in the Present Tense.

				Doeddwn i ddim		-	I wasn't
				Doeddet ti ddim		-	you weren't
				Doeddech chi ddim 		-	you weren't

	
				Doeddwn i ddim yn y tþ ddydd Sadwrn. Fe es i siopa gyda 				(fy) 	ngwraig.
				- I wasn't in the house on Saturday. I went shopping with 				  my wife.
	
				Fe ffoniais i chi neithiwr ond doeddech chi ddim yn y tþ.
				- I telephoned you last night but you weren't in the house.

				Doeddet ti ddim yn yr ysgol ddoe.
			 	- You weren’t in school yesterdy.

	4.		Roedd Tom / Mair		-	Tom / Mair was
		Roedd e (o) / hi		-	he / she was

				Roedd Bill yn chwarae golff ddoe.
				- Bill was playing golff yesterday.

				Roedd hi’n siopa bore ddoe.
				- She was shopping yesterday morning.

	5.					(fy) nhad		-	my father 
					(fy) mam		-	my mother 
					(fy) rhieni  		-	my parents 
					(fy) mrawd 		-	my brother 
		  			(fy) chwaer 		- 	my sister 
					(fy) ngwraig		-	my wife 
					(fy) ngðr	  	-	my husband 
		   		(fy) mhlant  		-	my children 

		The word ‘fy’ is often left out in normal speech with words which show 
         	the mutation it has caused. 

						
						Roedd ’nhad yn y tþ neithiwr.
						- My father was in the house last night.

						Roedd ‘ngðr allan nos Sadwrn.
						- My husband was out on Saturday night.

		But if the noun begins with a letter which doesn’t show the motation, we 			keep ‘fy’ of course.

						Roedd fy rhieni yno.
						- My parents were there.

	6.					eich tad		-	your father
					eich mam		-	your mother
					eich brawd  		-	your brother
	 				eich chwaer 		-	your sister
	 				eich gwraig  		-	your wife
					eich gðr	  	-	your husband

				Ble roedd eich tad yn gweithio yr wythnos ddiwetha’?
				- Where was your father working last week?
				Roedd e'n gweithio yn Abertawe.
				- He was working in Swansea.

				Roedd eich chwaer yn yr ysgol gyda fi.
				- Your sister was in school with me.

	7.		cyn       -	     before			ar ôl	    -	after

			We can place a verb noun immediately after these prepositions.

				Ble roedd eich mam yn gweithio cyn priodi?
				- Where was your mother working before getting married?
				
				Roedd Bill yn gweithio yn Llundain ar ôl gadael y coleg.
				- Bill was working in London after leaving (the) college.

	8.	byw	  -	to live		hoffi	    -	 to like

		With some verbs in Welsh we use the Imperfect Tense, whereas the 		short Past Tense would be used in English. The two above verbs are 		examples of this.

				Roedd y plant yn hoffi’r ffilm.
				- The children liked the film.
				- (The children were liking the film.)

				Ble roedd Elvis Presley'n byw?
				- Where did Elvis Presley live?
				- (Where was Elvis Presley living?)
		
				Roedd e'n byw ym Memphis.
				- He lived in Memphis.
				- (He was living in Memphis).

RHAN 2

	1.	Doedd  Tom ddim		-	Tom wasn't
		Doedd e/hi ddim 		- 	he/she wasn't
		Doedd (fy) nhad ddim	-	my father wasn't

				Fe aeth (fy) ngwraig i'r sinema neithiwr ond doedd hi ddim 				yn hoffi'r ffilm.
				- My wife went to the cinema last night but (she wasn't 					  liking) she didn't like the film.

				Doedd ‘ngwraig ddim yn y tþ ddoe.
				- My wife wasn't in the house yesterday.
													
				Doedd y plant ddim yn yr ysgol ddydd Llun.
				- The children weren't in school on Monday.

	2.	Roedden ni		-	we were
		Roedden nhw	-	they were

				Ble roeddech chi'n byw ar ™l cael plant?
				- Where were you living after having children?

				Roedden ni'n byw yn Llandudno.
				- We were living in Llandudno.

				Ble roedden nhw'n gweithio ar ™l gadael ysgol?
				- Where were they working after leaving school?
												
				Roedden nhw'n gweithio yn Coventry.
				- They were working inCoventry.

	3.		Doedden ni ddim		- 	we weren't
		Doedden nhw ddim	-	they weren't

		Fe aethon ni i'r sinema ond doedden ni ddim yn hoffi'r ffilm.
				- We went to the cinema but we didn't like (weren't liking) 				  the film.
												
				Fe aethon ni i'r parc - ond doedden nhw ddim yno.
				- We went to the park - but they weren't there.

	4.				ym mil naw….			-	in 19….
					ym mil naw chwech tri		-	in 1963
					ym mil naw wyth chwech		-	in 1986
					ym mil naw naw un			-	in 1991
					ym mil naw naw pedwar		-	in 1994

				Ble roeddech chi'n byw ym  mil naw naw dau?
- Where were you living in 1992?
				(Roeddwn i'n byw) yng Nghaernarfon.
				- (I was living) in Caernarfon.

	5.					yn y Pum Degau			-	in the 50's
					yn y Chwe Degau			-	in the 60's
					yn y Saith Degau			-	in the 70's
					yn yr Wyth Degau			-	in the 80's
					yn y Naw Degau			-	in the 90's

				Ble roeddet ti'n byw yn y Pum Degau?
				- Where were you living in the Fifties?

				Roeddwn i’n gweithio yn Ffrainc yn y Saith Degau.
				- I was working in France in the Seventies.

	6.		Note the difference between 'alive'   -   'yn fyw' and  ‘living’  -  ‘yn byw’.

				Doeddwn i ddim yn fyw yn y Pedwar Degau.
				- I wasn't alive in the 40's.

				Doedden nhw ddim yn byw yn Llanelli yn y Tri Degau.
				- They weren't living in Llanelli in the 30's.

	7.		Sgwrs			 
	         				
				Nigel:	     Ble roeddet ti'n byw yn y Pum Degau?
				Basil:	     Roeddwn i'n fachgen ysgol yn y Pum Degau ac yn 						     byw mewn pentref yn agos i Gaerfyrddin.
				Nigel:	     Pryd roeddet ti yn y Coleg?
				Basil:	     Fe es i'r coleg ym mil naw chwech dim.
				Nigel:	     Ble roeddet ti yn y Coleg?
				Basil:	     Roeddwn i ym Mangor.
				Nigel:	     Ble roedd Ann a Cennard yn y Coleg?
				Basil:	     Doedden nhw ddim ym Mangor. Roedd Ann yn 						     Aberystwyth ac roedd Cennard yn Abertawe.
				Nigel:	     Sut roeddet ti'n mynd i Fangor o Gaerfyrddin?
				Basil:	     Roeddwn i'n mynd i'r Coleg ar y tr�n o Gaerfyrddin.  					     Roedd y tr�n yn mynd i Fangor ond roeddwn i'n 						     newid trenau yn Aberystwyth.
         	  	Nigel:	     Sut roedd bywyd yn y coleg?
         			Basil:	     Roedd e'n ardderchog.  Roeddwn i'n hoffi chwarae 						     	     p�l 	droed a thenis-bwrdd.   Doeddwn i ddim yn 							     	     chwarae rygbi o gwbl. Yna ym mil naw chwech pedwar
                                       fe es i weithio i Gaergybi  (Holyhead).

	8.		The full forms

				1. Roeddwn i			Doeddwn i ddim
				2. Roeddet ti			Doeddet ti ddim
				    Roeddech chi		Doeddech chi ddim
				3. Roedd ......		Doedd ........... ddim

				1. Roedden ni		Doedden ni ddim
				2. Roeddech chi		Doeddech chi ddim
			   	3. Roedden nhw 		Doedden nhw ddim