GWERS 122

CYFLWYNYDD:   CENNARD DAVIES

NOD:	Siarad am y teulu a pherthnasau  -  parhad.

	Geirfa

		yng-nghyfraith		-	in law	o'r enw	-	called, named
		wedi cael ysgariad	-	divorced	wedi marw 	-	dead
	
		yn fyw	-	alive		yn briod	-	married
	yn sengl	-	single		llawn	-	full	

	'nabod	-    to know 		gwybod	-	to know
                                                   (a person)			     (a fact)

	cefnder	-	male cousin	cyfneither f	-	female cousin
	ðyr		-	grandson			wyres f	-	grand-daughter
	wyrion	-	grandchildren	cefnderwyr	-	cousins
	
	ysgariad	-	divorce

	Sawl?		-	how many?		Faint o .?  	-	How many / much?

		mam-yng-nghyfraith		- 	mother in law		
		tad-yng-nghyfraith 			- 	father-in-law
		chwaer-yng-nghyfraith 	-	sister in law   
		brawd-yng-nghyfraith 		- 	brother-in-law
	merch-yng-nghyfraith	-	daughter-in-law	
	mab-yng-nghyfraith	-	son-in-law
	rhieni-yng-nghyfraith	-	parents-in-law

	flynyddoedd yn ôl		-	years ago	
	flwyddyn yn ôl			-	a year ago

RHAN 1

	1.		Sut mae Derek yn perthyn i ti?
- Mae e’n dad-yng-nghyfraith i fi.
- Fe ydy fy nhad-yng-nghyfraith i.
			- ‘Dw i’n fab-yng-nghyfraith iddo fe.

	2.	yn fyw	-	alive	yn byw	-	living

	Be aware of the difference between these two  Welsh expressions

		Ydy dy fam-yng-nghyfraith yn fyw?
		- Is your mother-in-law alive?

			Ydy dy fam-yng-nghyfraith yn byw yng Nghymru?
			- Does your mother-in-law live in Wales?

			Ydy eich mam-yng-nghyfraith yn fyw?
			- Is your mother-in-law alive?

			Ydy, mae hi'n fyw ac mae hi'n byw yn Llundain.
			- Yes she's alive and she's living in London.

	3.	wedi marw	-      dead

			Mae hi wedi marw er 1976
		- She's (been) dead since 1976

		Fe fuodd Tom farw		-             Tom died
			Mi fuodd e(o)/hi farw	-             he / she died
		Fe fuon nhw farw	-             They died	

			Ydy eich rhieni-yng-nghyfraith yn fyw?
			- Nac ydyn  -  maen nhw wedi marw.
- Fe fuon nhw farw flynyddoedd yn ôl.

4.	Remember the different mutations after ei (his) and ei (her)

		cariad			ei gariad (e/o)		-		ei chariad (hi)
		perthynas		ei berthynas (e/o)		-		ei pherthynas (hi)
		tad 			ei dad (e/o) 		-		ei thad (hi)
		gwraig / gðr		ei _wraig (e/o)		-		ei gðr (hi)
		brawd			ei brawd (hi) 		-		ei brawd (hi)
			dyweddi	      ei ddyweddi (e/o)		-		ei dyweddi (hi)

		Ydych chi'n nabod ei dad-yng-nghyfraith (e)?
		- Do you know his father-in-law?

		Ydych chi'n nabod ei thad-yng-nghyfraith (hi)?
		- Do you know her father-in-law?

	5.	You'll remember the way to express 'that' when it is followed by a noun	

		'Dw i'n meddwl bod y plant .........
		Roedd hi'n credu bod ei thad ........

		'Dw i'n meddwl bod ei modryb (hi) wedi marw.
		- I think that her aunt is dead.

		'Dw i'n credu bod ei dad (e)'n fyw.
		- I believe that his father is alive.

	6.				Ydy Bill yn briod?
					- Is Bill married?

		Nac ydy, mae o’n sengl. Mae o wedi cael ysgariad.
		- No, he’s single. He’s had a divorce. (He’s divorced).

			

RHAN 2

	1.	(a)	Sawl?	-	How many?

		As you know, 'sawl' is always followed by a SINGULAR noun.

					Sawl chwaer sy' 'da ti (gen ti)?
			Sawl brawd sy' 'da Basil (gan Basil)?

			Sawl brawd sy 'da ti (gen ti)? -  Dau.				
			- How many brothers do you have?  - Two.
	
			Sawl chwaer sy 'da John (gan John)? -  Dwy.			
	- How many sisters does John have?  - Two.

	(b)	Faint o ..?	-	How many / How much ..?

		(i)   When 'Faint o ...? is followed by a PLURAL noun, this again 
		      means ‘How many?’

				Faint o chwiorydd sy' 'da ti (gen ti)?
				Faint o frodyr sy' da basil (gan Basil)?

			Faint o frodyr sy' 'da chi (gynnoch chi)?  - Tri.
			- How many brothers do you have?  - Three.

			Faint o wyrion sy' 'da nhw (ganddyn nhw)? – Pedwar.
			- How many grandchildren do they have? – Four.

			Faint o chwiorydd sy' 'da Bob (gan Bob)? -  Pedair.
				- How many sisters does Bob have? -  Four.

		(ii)  When 'Faint o ...?' is followed by a SINGULAR noun, it 					 means 'How much?'

				Faint o arian sy' da' ti (gen ti)?:
				Faint o bapur sy' yn y drôr?

			Faint o siwgr sy’ yn y basin?  -  Dim llawer.
			- How much sugar is there in the basin?  -  Not much.

			Faint o waith sy’ ‘da ti i’w wneud heno? - Gormod o lawer.
			- How much work do you have to do tonight?  -  Far too much.

	Notice that the verb which is used in the present tense after
	 'Sawl?' and 'Faint o ..?'  is ‘ SYDD’

			Faint o chwiorydd sy' da Bob (gan Bob)?
			Sawl brawd sy' 'da ti (gen ti)?
				Faint o bapur sy' yn y drôr?

	2.	Do you remember the mutations which follow the numbers?

		1.		There is a Soft Mutation in feminine nouns after 'un'

		2.	There is a Soft Mutation in feminine nouns after 'dwy' and 					in masculine nouns after 'dau'

		3.	There is an Aspirate Mutation in masculine nouns after 'tri'

		4.	There is an Aspirate Mutation in feminine and masculine 						nouns after 'chwe' 

		   FEMININE				              MASCULINE

		un ferch					         		un mab
		dwy ferch					         dau fab
		tair cyfnither		                 	      	tri chefnder
		pedair cyfnither		         		pedwar cefnder
		pum chwaer			        		pum brawd
		chwe chyfnither		        		chwe chefnder