GWERS 12	

CYFLWYNYDD:   ANN  M. JONES

NOD:	    To look back at Christmas

	Geirfa

		y Nadolig	-	Christmas	theatr		-	theatre
	parc	-		park		tref (f)		-	town
	coleg	-	college		gwely		-	bed
	capel	-	chapel		eglwys(f)	-	church
	llong	-		ship		siop		-	shop
	
	cynnar	-	early		hwyr		-	late
	hyfryd	-	lovely

	dros	-		over		yno		-	there

	siopa	-		to shop		chwarae	-	to play
	nofio	-		to swim		loncian	-	to jog
	mynd	-		to go

		allan		-		out		ma's (S.W.)	-	out
		parti		-		party		i ffwrdd	-	away
											
		ddoe		-		yesterday		neithiwr	-	last night

RHAN 1

1. 		‘i’  (to) is followed by a Soft Mutation, just like ‘o’

	Bangor	-	i Fangor	Conwy	-	i Gonwy
	Tregaron	-	i Dregaron	Glyn Ebwy	-	i Lyn Ebwy

	2.	The Past Tense of ‘mynd’ (to go)	

				Aethoch chi?	-	Did you go?	( polite singular and plural)
			Est ti?		-	Did you go? (familiar singular)

		Aethoch chi i Fangor dros y Nadolig? 	
		-  Did you go to Bangor over Christmas?

		Est ti allan neithiwr?
		- Did you go out last night?

3. 		The reply to all 'Did?' questions is

			Do		-	Yes
			Naddo	-	No

		Aethoch chi i Fangor dros y Nadolig? 	-   Naddo.
		-  Did you go to Bangor over Christmas?   -   No.
		
		Est ti i Landudno?	-   Do.
		-  Did you go to Llandudno?  -   Yes.

	4.	Notice how we use a verb noun after ‘i’

			i siopa		-	to shop, shopping
			i loncian		-	to jog, jogging
			i nofio		-	to swim, swimming
			i chwarae...	-	to play.....

		Aethoch chi i siopa yng Nghaerdydd?  -	  Do.
		-  Did you go to shop / shopping in Cardiff?   -  Yes.
		
		Est ti  i chwarae  golff?  -  Naddo.
		-  Did you go to play golf?  -  No.

	5.	i'r	-     to the

			i'r theatr		-	to the theatre
			i'r parc		-	to the park
			i'r sinema		-	to the cinema
			i’r siop		-	to the shop

	Sometimes the definite article (the) can be omitted in English, but 		it is always used in Welsh.

			i'r gwely		-	to (the) bed
			i'r dref		-	to (the) town
			i'r coleg		-	to (the) college
			i'r capel		-	to (the) chapel
			i'r eglwys		-	to (the) church

		Aethoch chi i'r eglwys dros y Nadolig?	-   Do.
		-  Did you go to church over Christmas?	  -   Yes.
	
		Est ti i'r gwely'n gynnar?	-   Naddo.
- Did you go to bed early?	 -   No.

RHAN 2

1. 			Fe / Mi es i		-	I went (I did go)
		Fe / Mi aethon ni	-	We went (We did go)

	The little words ‘Fe’ (S.W.) and ‘Mi’ (N.W.) have no translatable value, 	and they can be omitted.

 	They are often used - particularly in the spoken language - in front of 
	the verb as a kind of ‘marker’ - to introduce a positive statement.

		Fe es i i Gaernarfon ddoe.
		-  I went to the park yesterday.

		Mi aethon ni i barti dros y  Nadolig.
		- We went to a party over Christmas

		Fe aethon ni i’r theatr neithiwr.
		- We went to the theatre last night.

			Mi es i i loncian yn y parc ddoe.
			- I went jogging / to jog in the park yesterday.

	Notice the Soft Mutation after ‘i’

			i barti
			i Gaernarfon

	2.		Es i ddim		-	I didn’t go (I went not !)
		Aethon ni ddim	-	We didn’t go (We went not !)

	As ‘Fe / Mi’ are positive markers, they are omitted in the negative, of 	course.	

		Es i ddim  i nofio dros y Nadolig.
		-  I didn't go swimming / to swim over Christmas.

		Aethon ni ddim allan neithiwr.
		- We didn’t go out last night.

3. 		You can now use complete sentences in your replies  -  though, of 		course, this doesn’t often happen in normal conversation!

	Remember that 'Aethoch chi?' can be used to address more than one 	person (as well as one person - politely)

		Aethoch chi ma's dros y Nadolig?
		- Did you go out over Christmas?
		Do, fe es i / fe aethon ni i'r theatr.
		- Yes, I went / we went to the theatre.

		Est ti i loncian ddoe?
		- Did you go jogging yesterday?
		Naddo, es i ddim i loncian. 
- No, I didn't go jogging. 

	When we say ‘No’ we often add ..’but…’  and a positive comment.

		Est ti i loncian ddoe?
		- Did you go jogging yesterday?
		Naddo,(es i ddim i loncian) ond fe / mi es i i nofio.
		- No, (I didn’t go jogging) but I went swimming. 

		Aethoch chi i'r sinema?
		-  Did you go to the cinema?
		Naddo, (aethon ni ddim  i'r sinema) ond fe aethon ni  i'r theatr.
		-  No, (we didn't go  to the cinema) but  we went  to the theatre.

4. 		A possible conversation
							
	Geraint:	Bore da, Eleri.  Shwt wyt ti?
			Eleri:		Da iawn diolch.  Mae'n oer heddiw.
			Geraint:	Ydy - ond mae'n sych, diolch byth.
			Eleri:		Ydy.  Sut mae'r teulu?
			Geraint:	Iawn diolch.
			Eleri:		Aethoch chi i ffwrdd dros y Nadolig?
			Geraint:	Naddo - ond fe aethon ni i'r theatr.  Est ti i 						ffwrdd?
			Eleri:		Do - fe es i i Baris.
			Geraint:	O - hyfryd.  Est ti ar y tr�n Eurostar?
			Eleri:		Naddo - es i ddim ar y tr�n.  Fe es i ar y llong 					fferi.
			Geraint:	Oedd hi'n oer yno?
			Eleri:		Nac oedd.  Roedd hi'n braf ac yn sych.