GWERS 119

CYFLWYNYDD:    ANN M. JONES

NOD:	  Cyfarchion (Greetings).  Ymestyn geirfa (Extending  vocabulary)

     	Geirfa

		plant	-	children	plantos	-	kiddies
		annwyd	-	cold	y ffliw	-	'flu
		gwraig  f	-	wife	gðr	-	husband
		geiriau	-	words	cân  f	-	song
		ardal  f	-	area

		gwell	-		better	gweddol	-	fair

		gwella	-	to get better,	blino	-	to tire
				to recover	cwrdd â	-	to meet
		'nabod	-	to know  	cyfarfod	-	to meet
				(a person)	cyflwyno		-	to present,
						                       to introduce		
	
		heddiw	-	today	y bore 'ma	-		this morning			heno	-	tonight, 	y p'nawn 'ma-		this afternoon
			         this evening

		ar ôl	-	after	o lawer	-		much, by far
		ond un	-	but one	yr un	-	the same
		â	-	as	gyda, efo	-		with

		y drws nesa(f)	- 	next door	o'r blaen	-	before, previously
		ers blynyddoedd 	- 	for years	yn gyfarwydd â  - 	familiar with
		i gyd	- 	all	yn dda iawn	-	very well

		a dweud y gwir    	-		as a matter of fact, in fact, to tell the truth, actually

RHAN 1

	Greetings - then asking after various members of the family.

	1.	The following greetings and responses are quite familiar to you

			Bore da!  	Prynhawn da!      Noswaith dda!
			Nos da!

			Sut rwyt ti . . . . . . . . .     	heddiw?
			Sut rydych chi . . . . . .  	y bore / p'nawn 'ma?
					   	heno?
			Sut mae / Shwmai?. . . 

			Sut mae Tom / dy wraig / dy ðr / y plant?
					   eich gwraig / eich gðr / y plantos?

			Da iawn (diolch)	-	Very well (thanks)
			Eitha(f) da (diolch)	-	Quite well (thanks)
			Iawn (diolch)	-	O.K Fine (thanks)
			Ardderchog	-	Excellent
			Gweddol		-	Fairly well
			Yn well (diolch)	-	Better (thanks)
			Yn well o lawer (diolch)	-	Much better (thanks)
			Ddim yn dda (iawn)	-	Not (very) well
			Ddim yn dda o gwbl	-	Not well at all			
			Wedi blino!		-	Tired!

				Sut mae Mary?  -   Yn well (diolch).
				- How's Mary?  -   Better (thanks)

				Sut  mae'r plant?  -  Ddim yn dda o gwbl.
				- How are the children?  -  Not well at all.

				Sut mae'r teulu?  -  Iawn (diolch).
			 - How's the family?  -  O.K Fine (thanks).

	2.	Different types of questions

				Ydy Eleanor yn well ar ôl yr annwyd?
				 - Is Eleanor better after the (her) cold?
			
				Ydy hi wedi gwella ar ôl yr annwyd?
				 - Has she recovered after the (her) cold?

				Ydy Kevin yn well ar ôl y ffliw?
				- Is Kevin better after the (his) flu?
			
				Wyt ti wedi gwella ar ôl y ffliw?
				- Have you recovered after the flu?

				Ble mae Mary heddiw?
				- Where’s Mary today?

		Ble mae'r plant y bore 'ma?
			 - Where are the children this morning?

3.	In responding to greetings, we can - as in English - merely use a word or
a short phrase.  But you can, if you choose to do so, reply using a full sentence

				Sut rwyt ti heddiw, Bill?
				- How are you today Bill?
				Da iawn diolch   /   'Dw i'n dda iawn diolch.
				- Very well thanks   /   I'm very well thanks.

		Ble mae'r plant y bore 'ma?
		                 - Where are the children this morning?
			Yn y parc  /  Maen nhw yn y parc.
			- In the park / They’re in the park.

	4.	o lawer

		This is a useful phrase to place after the adjective to convey ‘much’ 
		or’ by far’

				'Dw i'n well o lawer heddiw.
				- I'm much better today.

	5.		gwella    -    to improve, get better, recover

				Mae hi wedi gwella'n iawn, diolch.
				- She has recovered well, thanks.

RHAN 2

	Greetings - then introducing someone else

1.	Possible patterns

			Wyt ti (Ydych chi)'n 'nabod Mrs Bethan Thomas?
			- Do you know Mrs Bethan Thomas?

			Wyt ti (Ydych chi) wedi cwrdd â (cyfarfod) Mrs Thomas?
			- Have you met Mrs Thomas?

			Wyt ti (Ydych chi)'n gyfarwydd â John Jones?
			- Are you familiar with John Jones?

			Dyma John a Mary Jones.
			- Here are John and Mary Jones.

			Ga' i gyflwyno Manon Rees i chi / ti?
		       - May I present (introduce) Manon Rees to you?

	2.	The following phrases could be added to the above sentences

					…sy'n byw y drws nesa' i ni / fi.
					- who lives next door to us / me.

				      …sy'n byw yn yr un stryd â ni / fi.
					- who lives in the same street as us / me.

				       …oedd yn (arfer)  byw yn yr un pentre' â fi.
					- who lived (used to live) in the same village as me.

				      …sy'n chwarae golff gyda fi.
					- who plays golff with me.

				      …sy'n gweithio gyda fi / gyda 'ngwraig.
					- who works with me / with my wife.

	3.	Or you could add a sentence such as the following

					Mae hi' gweithio gyda Mary.
					- She works with Mary.

					Mae e (o)'n byw y drws nesa' ond un i ni.
					- He lives next door but one to us.

					Maen nhw’n byw yn yr un stryd â ni.
					- They live in the same street as us.
	
					Mae’n dod o'r un ardal â fi.
					- He / She comes from the same area (part of the world) as me.

	4.	Typical replies

		You can ALWAYS get away with using NA as a negative reply.

		(Unfortunately, there is no short cut with Yes replies!)

					Wyt ti'n 'nabod Mair Jones?
					- Do you know Mair Jones?
					Na - shwd 'ych chi?
					- No - how are you?

	
		Other possible replies or responses

		(a)  Neutral

					Mae'n dda 'da fi (gen i) gwrdd â chi.
			  - I'm pleased to meet you.

		(b)  Negative

					Nac ydw / Na  - 'dw i ddim yn 'nabod Mrs Jenkins
							 -  I don’t know Mrs Jenkins.

								 -' dw i ddim yn gyfarwydd â Mrs Jenkins.
								 -  I’m not familiar with Mrs Jenkins.

							 - 'dw i ddim wedi cwrdd (cyfarfod) â Mrs 					                            Jenkins o'r blaen.
							 -  I haven’t met Mrs Jenkins before.

		(c)  Positive

					Ydw 		- 'dw i'n 'nabod Mrs Jenkins ers blynyddoedd.
								-  I’ve known Mrs Jenkins for years.

							          	- 'fe gwrddais i â hi yn y Clwb Coginio.
								 -  I met her in the Cookery Club.
 
-  a dweud y gwir, mae hi'n gweithio gyda fy ngðr.
-  actually (as a matter of fact), she works with my 
   husband.

	5.	Notice the difference between the following verbs in Welsh

			gwybod		-	to know a fact
			(ad)nabod	-	to know a person / place

					Mae hi'n gwybod geiriau'r gân i gyd.
					- She knows all the words of the song.

					'Dw i'n gwybod ble maen nhw'n byw.
					- I know where they live.

					Mae hi'n 'nabod tad John yn dda iawn.
					- She knows John’s father very well.

			  'Dw i'n 'nabod Caerdydd yn eitha' da.
			  - I know Cardiff quite well.

	6.	i gyd	-	all

		This FOLLOWS the noun in Welsh.

				all the words	-	y geiriau i gyd.
		           	all the children	-	y plant i gyd.

	7.	ers blynyddoedd

		Literally, this means 'since years' but we don't say this in English.
		
		It is used with a normal present tense verb in Welsh

				'Dw i'n nabod Mrs Jones ers blynyddoedd.

		to convey

				I've known Mrs Jones for years.