GWERS 110

CYFLWYNYDD:     ANN M. JONES

NOD:	    Gofyn am bethau ac am wasanaeth

 	Geirfa

	pethau	-	things	gwasanaeth	-	service
	teisen  f	-	cake	llaeth		-	milk
		sglodion		-	chips			blows  f		-		blouse
	gardd  f	-	garden 	pas		-	lift	
	dwylo	-	hands	y llythyr 'ma	-	this letter
			
	yma	-	here	heb		-	without
	gyda ni	-	with us	gyda ti / chi		-	with you
		'te			-	then			yno			-	there
		tan			-	until			cystal â		-	as good as
					         	so good as

	gofyn am	-	to ask for	benthyg		-	to borrow
	parcio	-	to park	dod â		-	to bring
		aros			-	to stay			mynd â		-		to take
		golchi			-	to wash			estyn			-	to pass
	rhoi	-	to put, to give	dweud wrth	-	to tell
		gallu			-	to be able to			

	newydd 	-	new 	bodlon		-	willing
		
		Dyma fe (fo)			-		Here it is			
		rhywbeth i'w yfed		-		something to drink
		rhywbeth i'w fwyta	-		something to eat
		i de						-		for tea		
		gyda fi / ni				-		with me / us
	
		os gwelwch chi'n dda	-	please (singular polite and plural)
		os gweli di'n dda		-	please (familiar)
		rhoi pas i Rhian		-	give Rhian a lift
		hwyl fawr				-	all the best

RHAN 1

	1.		Ga (f) i . . . . . .?		-	May I have. . . . . .?
		Gawn ni . . . . . .?	-	May we have . . . . . .?

			followed by a NOUN (which undergoes a Soft Mutation)

			Ga' i goffi du, os gwelwch yn dda?
			   - May I have black coffee, please?

				Gawn ni de heb laeth, os gwelwch yn dda?
			  - May we have tea without milk, please?

	2.		mwy o		-	       more

			Ga' i fwy o goffi du, os gwelwch yn dda?
			   - May I have more black coffee, please?

				Gawn ni fwy o laeth, os gwelwch yn dda?
			  - May we have more milk, please?

	3.		Ga' i . . . . . .?			-	May I . . . . . .?
		Gawn ni . . . . . .?	-	May we . . . . . .?

		followed by a VERB (which undergoes a Soft Mutation)

				Ga' i brynu losin?
				- May I buy sweets?

				Gawn ni fynd i nofio yfory?
				- May we go swimming tomorrow?

	4.		Some Responses

				Ga' i fynd i'r parti?

				-	Cei (yes you may) 		Na chei (No, you may not)
				-	Cewch (yes you may) 	Na chewch (No you may not)
				-	Iawn (O.K.)
				-	Wrth gwrs (of course)
				Gawn ni goffi du os gwelwch yn dda?

				-	Cewch
				-	Iawn
				-	Wrth gwrs
						- Â chroeso (with pleasure)

	5.		Gaiff Mary . . . . . .?		-	May Mary have . . . . . .?
		Gaiff y plant . . . . . .?	-	May the children have . . . . . .?
		Gân nhw . . . . . .?		-	May they have . . . . . .?

		followed by a NOUN (which undergoes a Soft Mutation)

				Gaiff hi flows newydd?
				- May she have a new blouse?

				Gân nhw de heb siwgr?
						- May they have tea without sugar?

			
	6.		Gaiff Tom ………?			-	May Tom …………..?
		Gaiff y plant ……?			-	May the children…..?
		Gân nhw ………..?			-	May they……………?

		followed by a VERB (which undergoes a Soft Mutation)

			Gaiff y plant ddod i'r parti?
			- May the children come to the party

			Gân nhw gysgu yma heno?
						  - May they sleep here tonight?		

	7.		Some responses

				Gaiff Tom ddod i chwarae gyda fi?

				-	Caiff (yes he may)	Na chaiff (no he may not)
			-	Wrth gwrs.
			-	Iawn.
			-	Â chroeso.

			Gaiff y plant fynd i'r parc?
			Gân nhw fynd i'r parc?

			-	Cân (yes they may) 	Na chân (no they may not)
				-	Wrth gwrs.
			-	Iawn.
				-	Â chroeso.

	8.		Sgwrs

				A.	Hylo Bryn.  Ydych chi eisiau rhywbeth i'w yfed?
				B.	Ga' i goffi du heb siwgr, os gwelwch yn dda?
				A.	Wrth gwrs.  Dyma fe (fo).
			B.	Diolch yn fawr.  A gaiff Siôn a Siân lemonêd?
				A.	Cân, wrth gwrs.
			B.	Gân nhw fynd i chwarae i'r ardd wedyn?
A.	Cân - â chroeso.

RHAN 2

	1.		When requesting someone to do something we use

				Wnei di?    (familiar)    or    Wnewch chi?    (polite)

		when addressing one person

			Wnei di gau'r drws, os gweli di'n dda?
			- Will you (would you) close the door, please?
		
			Wnei di estyn y siwgr, os gweli di'n dda?
- Will you (would you) pass the sugar, please?

		Possible replies are:

				Gwnaf (yes I will do) 	Na wnaf (No I won't do)
				Wrth gwrs
				Iawn!
			  Â chroeso

	2.		When addressing more than one person, we use

				Wnewch chi?

			Wnewch chi roi petrol yn y car, os gwelwch yn dda?
			- Will you (would you) put petrol in the car, please?

			Wnewch chi roi'r arian 'ma i John, os gwelwch yn dda?
			- Will you (would you) give this money to John, please?
			- Will you (would you) give John this money, please?

		Possible replies are:

				Gwnawn (yes we will do)	Na wnawn (No we won't do)
				Wrth gwrs
				Iawn
						Â chroeso

	3.		The verb which follows Wnei di? / Wnewch chi? undergoes 
		a Soft Mutation

					Wnei di dalu'r bil?
				Wnewch chi ddod adre ar y bws?

	4.		rhoi'r arian 'ma i John

		In English we can say ……………	give John this money

		But in Welsh we must say ………	give this money to John

			Similarly:

				give Jane a lift
				- rhoi pas i Jane
				   i.e. 'give a lift to Jane'

		Remember the 3rd person personal forms of ‘i’

			to him			-	iddo fe (fo)
			to her			-	iddi hi
				to them		-	iddyn nhw

	5.		Faset ti?				-	Would you be?
		Fasech chi			-	Would you be?

				Faset ti'n fodlon postio'r llythyr 'ma i fi?   -  Iawn
	- Would you be willing to post this letter for me?  -  Fine.

				Fasech chi cystal â dweud wrth Tom?  - Â chroeso.
					- Would you be so good as to tell Tom?  -  With pleasure.

	6.		Conveying the English preposition ‘for’ causes problems in Welsh

	But remember to use 'i’ when it's

				for a meal					-	i ginio, i de

				for (on behalf of) a person	-	i fi, i John

				Faset ti'n fodlon postio'r llythyr 'ma i fi?
				- Would you be willing to post this letter for me?

				Fasech chi'n fodlon gwneud teisen i de?
				- Would you be willing to make a cake for tea?

		There could be some ambiguity here as two translations are possible -

		e.g.		i fi			-	to me  /  for me
				i John		-	to John  /  for John

		The context will normally make the meaning clear.

	7.		Sgwrs

			A.	Shwmai Delyth?
				B.	Shwmai.  Wyt ti'n dod i'r parti nos yfory?
			A.	Ydw, wrth gwrs.
			B.	Wnei di ddod erbyn wyth o'r gloch?
			A.	Gwnaf.  Fe fydd Jane a fi yna tua hanner awr wedi saith.
				B.	Iawn!  A wnewch chi roi pas i Rhian os gwelwch yn dda?
			Does dim car 'da hi.
			A.	Â chroeso.
			B.	Diolch.  Tan nos yfory 'te - hwyl fawr.