GWERS 11

CYFLWYNYDD:  CENNARD DAVIES

NOD:	To talk about completed tasks especially in relation to Christmas.

	Geirfa

		anfon	-	to send	postio	-	to post
		prynu	-	to buy 	archebu	-	to order
		addurno	-	to decorate 	gorffen	-	to finish
		pacio	-	to pack

		carden (f)	-	card	anrheg(ion)	-	present(s)
		cardiau 	-	cards	parsel(i)	-	parcel(s)
		tegan(au)		-	toy(s)			coeden (f)	-	tree
		tþ	-	house		

		twrci		-	turkey			cyw i‰r	-	chicken
		gðydd		-	goose			ffowlyn 	-	chicken
		llysiau	-	vegetables		

		eto			-	yet			eleni	-	this year
		ddim eto		-	not yet

		i		-	to			i Mary	   -	to Mary
		i'r plant		-	to the children	

		i		-	for			i Mary	-	for Mary
		i’r plant		-	for the children

RHAN 1

1. 		When we speak of a completed action in English, the key word is 'have' or 	'has'	

		I have sent cards.
		Has he bought presents?
		They haven't bought cards.

	The key word in Welsh is 'wedi' and this takes the place of 'yn' ('n) 		which is found in Present Tense sentences.

			'Dw i'n anfon		-	I am sending / I send
			'Dw i wedi anfon	-	I have sent	

	2.	The complete verb:

		Rydw ('dw) i wedi…		-	I have ............
		Rwyt ti wedi…			-	You have...........
		Mae e (o)/ hi / Tom wedi..	-	He / she / Tom has.........

		Rydyn (Ryn) ni wedi…		-	We have..........
		Rydych (Rych) chi wedi…	-	You have.........
		Maen nhw wedi	…		-	they have ............

	So, except for using 'wedi' instead of 'yn' the pattern is exactly the 		same as that used in the Present Tense.

		Maen nhw wedi prynu anrhegion.
		-   They have bought presents.

		'Dw i wedi anfon cardiau.
		-   I've sent cards.

		Mae Mary wedi anfon anrheg.
		- Mary has sent a present.

3. 		Note the following:

		Rydyn ni wedi postio cerdyn i Tom.
		- We have posted Tom a card.
		- We have posted a card to Tom.

	As you can see, there are two ways of saying the same thing in English. 	There is only one way in Welsh. In the above example, remember that it’s 
	the card which has been posted - to Tom. In translating the first sentence,
	don’t be tempted to post Tom!!

			You have sent the children two presents.
			- Rwyt ti wedi anfon dau anrheg i’r plant.

			We’ve posted you a card.
			- R’yn ni wedi postio carden i ti.
	
	(You haven’t ‘sent the children’ or ‘posted you’ anywhere!)
		
	Remember that a singular noun is used with numbers.

	4.	Again, questions are formed exactly as they are in the Present Tense, 			except that 'wedi' is used instead of 'yn'.

		Ydych chi’n prynu cardiau?		-	Are you buying cards?
		Ydych chi wedi prynu cardiau?	-	Have you bought cards?

		Wyt ti'n anfon cardiau?			-	Are you sending cards?
		Wyt ti wedi  anfon cardiau?		-	Have you sent cards?

5. 		Please note:

	As you know, the preposition ‘i’  means ‘to’. It can also convey ‘for’
	in sentences such as:

			Ydy hi wedi prynu anrheg i Tom?
			- Has she bought Tom a present?
			- Has she bought a present for Tom?

	6.	As in the Present Tense, the replies to an Ydych? or an Wyt? question 			are always:

			Ydw		-	Yes
			Nac ydw	-	No

		Ydych chi wedi prynu anrheg i Bob?  	-	Ydw.
		- Have you bought a present for Bob?	-	Yes.

		Wyt ti wedi anfon cardiau?				-	Nac ydw.
		- Have you sent cards?					-	No.

	7.	Now ask an imaginary friend the following (using the familiar form).			Find out whether he/she has

		1.	bought a present for Mary.
		2.	posted a parcel
		3.	sent cards
		4.	posted a card

	Now ask the same questions of a stranger.

RHAN 2

	1.	Negative statements

	Again the verb form is the same as that in the Present Tense - except 		that we use 'wedi' instead of 'yn'.

		(Dy)dw i ddim wedi archebu twrci eto.
		- I haven't ordered a turkey yet.

		Dwyt ti ddim wedi prynu llysiau eto.
		- You haven't bought vegetables yet.

		Dydy e ddim wedi postio'r parsel.
		- He hasn't posted the parcel.

		Dydy Basil ddim wedi prynu teganau eleni.
		- Basil hasn't bought toys this year.

		Dydy'r plant ddim wedi addurno'r goeden.
		- The children haven't decorated the tree.

		Dydy hi ddim wedi postio'r cardiau.
		- She hasn't posted the cards.

		(Dy)dyn ni ddim wedi gorffen.
		- We haven't finished.

		(Dy)dych chi ddim wedi gorffen prynu cardiau.
		- You haven't finished buying cards.

		(Dy)dyn nhw ddim wedi pacio eto.
		- They haven't packed yet.

	2.	We’ve already asked ‘you’ questions.  We'll now ask questions about 			someone else.
 
		First of all - singlular:

		Ydy Bob wedi archebu twrci?
		- Has Bob ordered a turkey?

		Ydy hi wedi gorffen y llysiau?
		- Has she finished the vegetables?

		The replies to an Ydy? question are always:

			Ydy			-	Yes
			Nac ydy		-	No

		Ydy e wedi addurno'r goeden?		-	Ydy.
		- Has he decorated the tree?			-	Yes.

		Ydy Mary wedi prynu'r twrci eto?	-	Nac ydy.
		- Has Mary bought the turkey yet?	-	No

	3.	Plural

		Ydyn nhw wedi gorffen y cyw i‰r?
		- Have they finished the chicken?

		Ydyn nhw wedi addurno eleni?
		- Have they decorated this year?

	The replies to an Ydyn?  question are always

			Ydyn		-	Yes
			Nac ydyn	-	No

		Ydyn nhw wedi gorffen y cyw i‰r?  -  Ydyn.
- Have they finished the chicken?  -  Yes.

		Ydyn nhw wedi addurno eleni?  -  Nac ydyn.
		- Have they decorated this year?  -  No.
	Be careful with more than one name and with a plural noun. The verb in 	the question is ‘ydy’ but the reply must be plural.

		Ydy Bill a Ben wedi prynu twrci?		  -    Ydyn.
		- Have Bill and Ben bought a turkey?   -    Yes.

		Ydy'r plant wedi addurno'r  tþ?	-   Ydyn.
- Have the children decorated the house?   -   Yes.

	4.	When people answer questions, they rarely give the full answer - 				limiting their reply to 'yes' or 'no' - unless supplementary information 			is absolutely necessary.

		Ydych chi wedi prynu anrhegion i'r plant?
		- Ydw (rydw i wedi prynu anrhegion i'r plant).

		Ydych chi wedi pacio?
		- Nac ydyn (dydyn ni ddim wedi pacio).

	You could of course add something appropriate:

		Ydych chi wedi pacio?
		- Nac ydyn - ddim eto.

5. 		The questions and ‘Yes / No’ replies in full.

			Ydych chi wedi...........?			-	(Nac) ydw
			Wyt ti wedi...........?				-	(Nac) ydw
			Ydy e/hi/Tom wedi.......?			-	(Nac) ydy
			Ydy Bill a Ben wedi..........?		-	(Nac) ydyn
			Ydy'r plant wedi.........?			-	(Nac) ydyn
					Ydyn nhw wedi..........?			-	(Nac) ydyn

6. 		How would you ask and answer the following?

		1.	Has he ordered the cards?		   -	No.
		2.	Has she finished the turkey?	   -	Yes, thank goodness.
		3.	Have they finished?			   -	Yes.
		4.	Has Mary bought a goose?		   -	No - not yet.
5. 		Have you bought presents yet?    -	Yes.
6. 	Seasonal Greetings!

		Nadolig Llawen			-	Merry Christmas

			a						-	and

			Blwyddyn Newydd Dda		-	A Happy New Year

	8.	Sgwrs - A conversation	

		Nigel:			Noswaith dda, Cennard.  Shwd wyt ti?
		Cennard:		Da iawn diolch.  A ti?
		Nigel:			Iawn.  Wyt ti wedi gorffen siopa eto?
		Cennard:		Nac ydw.  'Dw i wedi archebu twrci ond 'dw i ddim wedi 					postio'r cardiau eto.
		Nigel:			'Dw i ddim wedi prynu anrheg i Mary ond rydyn ni wedi 					prynu anrhegion i'r plant.  Wyt ti wedi prynu anrhegion 					eto?
		Cennard:		Ydw.  'Dw i wedi prynu Hoover i Mary.
		Nigel:			Hoover!  Dydy hi ddim yn hoffi gweithio yn y tþ.
					Hoover, wir!
		Cennard:		Wel, beth rwyt ti wedi (ei) brynu?
		Nigel:			Brws!
		Cennard:		Brws - a brush?
		Nigel:			Na!  Na!  J™c!  'Dw i wedi prynu Chanel No 5 i Mary. 						Nadolig Llawen a Blwyddyn Newydd Dda, Cennard.
		Cennard:		Nadolig Llawen a Blwyddyn Newydd Dda, Nigel.