GWERS 109

CYFLWYNYDD:     CENNARD DAVIES

NOD:	     Hoff a chas bethau (Likes and dislikes)

	Geirfa

	golchi	-	to wash	ymolchi	-	to have a wash
	gwisgo	-	to dress, wear	tacluso	-	to tidy up
	bwyta	-	to eat	smwddio	-	to iron
	coginio	-	to cook	llenwi	-	to fill (in)
	casáu	-	to hate, detest	sgwrsio	-	to chat
		dringo	-	to climb	loncian	-	to jog
		pysgota	-	to fish	ymarfer	-	to practise / to train
		astudio	-	to study	gwneud	-	to do / make
		teithio	-	to travel	ymweld â	-	to visit
		gwrando ar	-	to listen to	edrych ar	-	to look at
		chwarae	-	to play		casglu	-	to collect
		cadw	-	to keep		garddio	-	to garden
		arfer bod	-	used to be		

		achos	-	because 	byth	-	never
		arfer		-	used to

		iachus	-	healthy	peryglus	-	dangerous
		anniddorol	-	uninteresting	diflas	-	boring / miserable
		
		ymarfer corff	-	P.E.	Hanes	-	History

		amser	-	time	pysgodyn	-	a fish
		caws		-	cheese	pysgod	-	fish
		gwaith tþ	-	housework	cig	-	meat
		bresych	-	cabbage		stamp(iau)	-	stamp(s)
		llygod	-	mice		arian tramor-	foreign coins
	cwningen  f	-	rabbit               	dol(iau)  f	-	doll (s)	
	hufen	-	cream 

	hoff bethau	-	likes (i.e. favourite things)
	cas bethau	-	dislikes (i.e. detested things)
	ar lan yr afon 	- 	on the river bank
	drwy'r dydd	-	all day (long)

RHAN 1

	1.		There are two ways of conveying 'to dislike, hate, detest, loathe'

		(a)	We can use the following pattern

			South Wales		North Wales

			Mae'n gas 'da fi	Mae'n gas gen i
			Mae'n gas 'da ti	Mae'n gas gen ti
			Mae'n gas 'da fe	Mae'n gas ganddo fo
			Mae'n gas 'da hi	Mae'n gas ganddi hi

			Mae'n gas 'da ni	Mae'n gas gynnon ni
			Mae'n gas 'da chi	Mae'n gas gennych chi
			Mae'n gas 'da nhw	Mae'n gas ganddyn nhw

			This pattern can be followed by a  verb

			Mae'n gas 'da fi (gen i) dacluso.
				- I hate tidying up.

				Mae'n gas 'da hi (ganddi hi) lenwi ffurflenni.
				- She loathes filling in forms.

			or by a noun

				Mae'n gas 'da ni (gynnon ni) gyri.
				- We hate curry.

				Mae'n gas 'da  Bethan (gan Bethan) ffilmiau cowbois.
				- Bethan dislikes cowboy films.

			Notice the Soft Mutation after the pattern

				Mae'n gas 'da fi dacluso
				Mae'n gas ganddi hi lenwi…..
				Mae'n gas 'da ni gyri

		(b)	casáu  -  to hate, dislike, detest, loathe

			There is no mutation this time.

			Again we can place a verb as our object

				'Dw i'n casáu tacluso.
				- I hate (detest, loathe) tidying up.

				Mae hi'n casáu llenwi ffurflenni.
				- She hates (detests, loathes) filling in forms.

			Or we can place a noun

				Rydyn ni'n casáu cyri.
				- We hate curry.
			
				Mae Bethan yn casáu ffilmiau cowbois.
				- Bethan dislikes cowboy films.

	2.		yn hoff o . . .    -    fond of . . .

		You are aware by now that 'o' causes a Soft Mutation.

		We can use a verb after this pattern. In English, it will end in --ing

				Doedd y plant ddim yn hoff o fwyta pysgod.
				- The children weren't fond of eating fish.

				Mae e'n hoff o goginio.
				- He's fond of cooking.

		or we can use a noun

				Rydyn ni'n hoff o gaws.
				- We're fond of cheese.

				Dydy hi ddim yn hoff o fresych.
				- She's not fond of cabbage.

		Of course we can strengthen this phrase by adding 'iawn' ('very')

				'Dw i'n hoff iawn o arddio.
				- I'm very fond of gardening.

				Roedd Mary yn hoff iawn o Hanes yn yr ysgol.
				- Mary was very fond of History in school.

	3.		to be in one's element, really enjoy, love		

			'Dw i wrth fy modd	-	I'm in my element
			Rwyt ti wrth dy fodd	-	You're in your element
			Mae e(o) wrth ei fodd	-	He's in his element
			Mae hi wrth ei bodd	-		She's in her element

		This pattern is formed around the word 'bodd'. Notice the different mutations

		(a)	'fy' (my) causes a Nasal Mutation

				bodd	     -	fy modd

				'Dw i wrth fy modd yn dysgu Cymraeg.
				- I'm in my element (I love) learning Welsh.

		(b)	'dy' (your) causes a Soft Mutation
			'ei' (his) causes a Soft Mutation

				bodd	     -	dy fodd;  ei fodd

				Roeddet ti wrth dy fodd yn y coleg.
				- You were in your element in college.

				Mae Tom wrth ei fodd yn dringo.
				- Tom is in his element (loves) climbing.

 
		(c)	'ei' (her) causes an Aspirate Mutation (c>ch; p>ph; t>th) and so 'bodd'
			 doesn't mutate
				
				bodd	        -	ei bodd

				Mae hi wrth ei bodd yn loncian.  
				- She loves jogging.

RHAN 2

	1.		The plural forms of the 'bodd' pattern

			Rydyn ni wrth ein bodd	-	We're in our element
			Rydych chi wrth eich bodd	-	You're in your element
			Maen nhw wrth eu bodd	-	They're in their element

		There are NO mutations - ever - after 'ein', 'eich' or 'ein'

				Rydyn ni wrth ein bodd yn teithio.
				- We're in our element (we love) travelling.

				Rydych chi wrth eich bodd yn dringo achos mae'n iachus.
				- You're in your element climbing, because it's healthy.

				Maen nhw wrth eu bodd yn loncian achos maen nhw'n hoffi 
				cadw'n ffit.
				- They're in their element jogging because they like keeping fit.

	2.		arfer         -	used to

				Roeddwn i'n arfer hoffi chwarae rygbi.
			- I used to like playing rugby.

	3.		arfer bod      -		used to be

				Roedd Mari'n arfer bod wrth ei bodd yn casglu stampiau.
				- Mari used to be in her element collecting stamps.

	4.		Tair sgwrs

			A.	'Dw i'n casáu coginio.
A.	 O!  'Dw i'n hoff iawn o goginio ond mae'n gas gen i 
	smwddio.
A.	A finne hefyd - ond 'dw i wrth fy modd yn loncian 
	ac yn dringo.
B.	Sut rwyt ti'n cael amser?
A.	'Dw i byth yn gwneud gwaith tþ!

A.	Ydy Jac a Jill yn hoffi dringo?
B.	Nac ydyn - achos mae dringo'n beryglus.  Ond maen 
	nhw wrth eu bodd yn loncian.
			A.	Wyt ti'n loncian?
B.	Nac ydw - achos mae'n gas 'da fi ymarfer corff.  'Dw i 
	wrth fy modd yn eistedd yn edrych ar y teledu!

A.	'Dw i'n casáu golchi a smwddio ond 'dw i'n hoff iawn
	 o ddringo.
B.	'Dw i'n hoffi loncian ond mae dringo'n rhy beryglus.
A.	Ydy Tom yn chwarae golff?
B.	Ydy, weithiau - ond mae e'n hoff iawn o bysgota.  
	Mae e wrth ei fodd yn eistedd ar lan yr afon drwy'r 
	dydd.
A.	Roedd Siân yn arfer hoffi pysgota ond dydy hi ddim 
	yn mynd yn aml nawr.
			B.	Pam?
A.	Achos rydw i'n dringo ac yn loncian bob dydd ac
	mae rhaid iddi hi olchi a smwddio!