GWERS 30

CYFLWYNYDD:     BASIL DAVIES

NOD:        Edrych eto ar ffurf eithaf (superlative degree) yr ansoddair. 	

	Geirfa	

		These adjectives could describe people:

		drygionus	-	mischievous	dymunol 	-	pleasant   		diog 		-	lazy	gweithgar 	-	hardworking
		diwyd	-	industrious	ymffrostgar 	-	boastful
		swnllyd 	-	noisy	siaradus 	-	talkative
		gofalus 	-	careful	diofal 	-	careless	   
		esgeulus 	-	careless	bywiog 	-	lively
		marwaidd 	-	lethargic 	poblogaidd 	-	popular
		adnabyddus  -	well known	siriol 		-	cheerful		   	digalon 	-	downhearted	difrifol 	-	serious
		swil 		-	shy	

RHAN 1

	1.	In previous lessons we have seen that when we want to convey 'the most..../ 		the .....est'  form of the adjective we add an ending to an adjective normally 		one or two syllables in length. 

	tal	-	y talaf	rhad	-	y rhataf
	oer	-	yr oeraf	mawr	-	y mwyaf

	2.	When the adjective is too long to accommodate an extra ending, in Welsh, 
            just as in English, we place 'mwyaf / most' in front of the adjective. As with 
		most words ending in 'f', it is often dropped in normal speech.

				drygionus	-	y mwya(f) drygionus
				dymunol	-	y mwya' dymunol
				swnllyd	-	y mwya' swnllyd 

												    
	  	(i)	The Welsh and English adjectives will not always, of course, correspond
          		 as to length and their suitability to carry an ending.

					y mwya' troellog	-	the windiest
					y mwya' swnllyd 	-	the noisiest
		
					y drutaf			-	the most expensive
					yr harddaf			-	the most beautiful 

		(ii)	The adjective can be used on its own	

				Rhys ydy'r mwya' drygionus yn y teulu.
				- Rhys is the most mischievous in the family.

				Nhw oedd y mwya' gweithgar. 
				- They were the most hardworking.

		(iii)	0r it can be used with a noun

				Tomos oedd y bachgen mwya' siaradus yn y dosbarth.
				- Tomos was the most talkative boy in the class.

				Nhw ydy'r bobl mwya' poblogaidd yn y pentre'.
				- They are the most popular people in the village. 

	3.	Some adjectives  -  particularly those ending in...ol,...og,...us and...gar  -  will 
		never take an ending, no matter how short they are.

				diog	-	y mwya' diog
				siriol	-	y mwya' siriol
				swil	-	y mwya' swil

											
RHAN 2

	1.	The following nouns are masculine

	llyn		-	lake			     cwm/dyffryn  -	     valley	
	tùr	   	-	tower			     capel	       -	     chapel
		tß	   	-	house		     mynydd	       -	     mountain
	bryn	   	-	hill			     cae	       -	     field
	pentref  	-	village		     rhanbarth        -	     region
	llwybr	-	footpath	

		These adjectives describe the features of the world around us

	gwastad 	-	flat	mynyddig 	-	mountainous    	
	coediog 	-	wooded  	amaethyddol-	agricultural
  	diwydiannol -	industrial	anial 		-	isolated		bas 		-	shallow	troellog 	-	winding	
       	newydd 	-	new 	modern 	-	modern	
          	hanesyddol   -          historical                         dirwasgedig  -          depressed	
   	syth		-	straight		      serth	      -	      steep

	Dyma'r llwybr mwya' troellog.
	- This is the most winding path.

	P'un ydy'r rhanbarth mwya' coediog yn Lloegr?
	- Which is the most wooded region in England?

	Ble mae'r mynydd mwya' serth yn sir Benfro?
	- Where's the steepest mountain in Pembrokeshire?

	Y llwybr yma ydy'r (un) mwya' troellog.
	- This path is the most winding (one).

	Yr adeilad acw ydy'r (un) mwya' hanesyddol.
	- That building (over there) is the most historical.

	

RHAN 3

		
	1.	Note that if the noun is feminine  and singular then 'mwyaf' will  undergo		a Soft Mutation and become 'fwyaf'. 

	yr ardal fwyaf coediog		-	the most wooded area
	y sir fwyaf dirwasgedig		-	the most depressed county
	y wlad fwyaf gwastad		-	the flattest country
	yr eglwys fwyaf hanesyddol 	-	the most historical church.
	y neuadd fwyaf newydd		-	the newest hall
	yr afon fwyaf bas			-	the shallowest river
	y nant fwyaf syth			-	the straightest stream
	yr heol fwyaf serth			-	the steepest road
	y ffordd fwyaf troellog		-	the windiest road
	y l™n fwyaf troellog		-	the windiest lane

		Ble mae'r ardal fwya' coediog yng Nghymru?
		- Where is the most wooded area in Wales?

		Wyt ti wedi gweld yr eglwys fwya' hanesyddol yn Ffrainc?
		- Have you seen the most historical church in France?

	 2.	The mutation is used even if there is no noun next to 'mwyaf' -  so long as it
		refers to a feminine object, of course.

				Mae llawer o eglwysi yng Nghymru. P'un ydy'r fwya' 
				hanesyddol?
				- There are many churches in Wales. Which is the most historical?

				O holl wledydd Ewrop - p'un ydy'r fwya' gwastad?
				- Of all the countries of Europe - which is the  flattest?

		Afon Dwyryd ydy'r fwya' bas.
		- River Dwyryd is the shallowest.

												
												
	3.	The opposite of 'mwyaf' (most) is 'lleiaf' (least) and we could use 'lleiaf' in 
		the same way

	y sir leiaf poblog		  -   	the least populated county
	y dref leia' Cymreig	  -	the least Welsh town (i.e. Welsh in 							character)

	y rhanbarth lleiaf Cymraeg  -  	the least Welsh-speaking region
	y llwybr lleia' troellog	  -        the  least  winding path

	4. 	Idiomau a dywediadau  

	y rhan fwyaf o....		most .../ most of...

	y rhan fwyaf o bobl	most people
	y rhan fwyaf o'r amser	most of the time
	y rhan fwyaf o'r arian	most of the money

	5.	Diarhebion

	Po fwyaf fo'r brys, mwyaf y rhwystr.
	- The more the haste, the less the speed.
	Mwya'r brys, mwya'r rhwystr.
	-  More haste, less speed.

	Po fwyaf a gaffo'r Cymro, mwyaf a gais.
	- The more the Welshman gets, the more he seeks.

	Mwyaf eu sùn, llestri gweigion.
	- Empty vessels make most noise.