GWERS 27

CYFLWYNYDD:    BASIL DAVIES

NOD:        Trafod y Byd Addysg

	Geirfa

ysgol feithrin	-	nursery school	ysgol gynradd	-	junior school,
					primary school
ysgol uwchradd	-	secondary school	ysgol breifat	-	private school
ysgol breswyl	-	boarding school	neuadd breswyl	-	hall of residence
ysgol fonedd	-	public school	ysgol ramadeg	-	grammar school
ysgol gymysg	-	mixed school	ysgol gyfun	-	comprehensive 
                                                                                                                 school
ysgol i fechgyn	-	boys' school	ysgol i ferched	-	girls' school

coleg	-	college	coleg addysg	-	college of education
coleg chweched	-	sixth form 	coleg addysg	-	college of further
    dosbarth		   college	    bellach		    education
coleg technegol	-	technical college	prifysgol	-	university	

Prifysgol	-	University of	Prifysgol Cymru	-	University of Wales
   Morgannwg		   Glamorgan	   
Prifysgol	-	Cambridge	Prifysgol	-	Oxford
   Caergrawnt		   University	   Rhydychen		    University

pwnc	-	subject	Cymraeg	-	Welsh
pynciau	-	subjects	Saesneg	-	English
Llenyddiaeth	-	Literature	ieithoedd	-	languages
Ffrangeg	-	French	Sbaeneg	-	Spanish
Almaeneg	-	German	Eidaleg	-	Italian
Hanes	-	History	Daearyddiaeth	-	Geography
Mathemateg	-	Mathematics	Celf a Chrefft	-	Art and Craft
Gwyddoniaeth	-	Science	Bioleg	-	Biology
Cemeg	-	Chemistry	Ffiseg	-	Physics
Gwyddor Tß	-	Home Economics	Coginio	-	Cookery
Gwn•o	-	Sewing	Ymarfer Corff	-	P.E.

hawdd	-	easy	anodd	-	difficult
diddorol	-	interesting	anniddorol	-	uninteresting

				                       37
Ysgol Uwchradd Gymraeg	-	a Welsh Secondary School
Ysgol Gyfun Gymraeg	-	a Welsh Comprehensive School
Ysgol Gynradd Gymraeg Sant Baruc	-	St Baruc Welsh Primary School
						
drwy gyfrwng y Gymraeg	-	through the medium of Welsh
wedi eithro	-	opted out
dysgu	-	to learn or to teach

RHAN 1

	1	Note that we always use the definite article in Welsh:

			i'r ysgol	-	to (the) school
			o'r gwely	-	from (the) bed
			yn yr ysbyty	-	in (the) hospital

			Ble mae'r plant yn mynd i'r ysgol?
				- Where do the children go to school?	

				Maen nhw'n mynd i'r ysgol ar y bws.
				- They go to school on the bus.
.

		As soon as the school is identified by name, we omit the definite  article -
		even though it is sometimes kept in English.

		Notice the difference between these pairs of sentences:

				Mae Si™n yn yr Ysgol Uwchradd.
				- Si™n is in the Secondary School.
				Mae Si™n yn Ysgol Uwchradd Maesteg.
				- Si™n is in Maesteg Secondary School. 
			
				Fe es i i'r Ysgol Gyfun yn Nhregaron.
				- I went to the Comprehensive School in Tregaron.
				Fe es i i Ysgol Gyfun Tregaron.
				 I went to Tregaron Comprehensive School.

				Maen nhw yn y Brifysgol.
				- They are in/at the University.
				Maen nhw ym Mhrifysgol Cymru.
				 They are at the University of Wales.

		The same rule applies to 'ysbyty'.

			Mae Jane yn yr ysbyty.
				- Jane is in (the) hospital.
			 Jane Ysbyty Gwynedd.
			- Jane is in Ysbyty Gwynedd.

	2.	To convey 'favourite' we use the word 'hoff' which comes before the noun 
		and causes a Soft Mutation.

		Beth oedd dy hoff bwnc (di) yn yr ysgol?
		- What was your favourite subject in school?
  
  		Daearyddiaeth oedd fy hoff bwnc (i) yn yr ysgol.
		- Geography was my favourite subject in school. 

RHAN 2

	1.	Roeddwn i'n meddwl bod...       -	I thought (that)....
	Rydw i'n meddwl bod...	         -          I think that...

	Rydw i'n meddwl bod Hanes yn ddiddorol.
	- I think that History is interesting.

	Roeddwn i'n meddwl bod Gwyddoniaeth yn hawdd.
	- I thought that Science was easy.

	Oeddet ti'n meddwl bod Almaeneg yn hawdd?
	- Did you think that German was easy?
	Nac oeddwn, roeddwn i'n meddwl bod Ffrangeg yn haws nag Almaeneg.
	- No, I thought that French was easier than German.

	In English, the linking word 'that' is often left out, but in Welsh, 'bod' is always used.

		Mae Bob yn meddwl bod Daearyddiaeth yn anniddorol.
		- Bob thinks (that) Geography is uninteresting.

											   
	Note also that we never say 'bod mae' or 'bod roedd'.  'Bod' conveys 'that..... is' or 'that..... was' - depending on the tense of the main verb.

	2.		Wnest ti ieithoedd modern?  -  Do.
			- Did you do modern languages.  -  Yes.

			Beth wnest ti?  -  Ffrangeg a Sbaeneg.
			- What did you do?  -  French and Spanish.

	3.		Ysgol breifat oedd Ysgol Dick Sheppard?  -  Nage, ysgol gyfun.
			-  Was Dick Sheppard School a public school?  -  No, a comprehensive
											school.

	4.		Faset ti wedi hoffi mynd i ysgol breswyl?  -  Na faswn.
			- Would you like to have gone to a boarding school?  -  No.

	5.	trwy gyfrwng y Gymraeg	      -         through the medium of Welsh

			Ydy dy blant yn dysgu trwy gyfrwng y Gymraeg?  -  Ydyn.
			- Are your children learning through the medium of Welsh?  -  Yes.

	6.	Mae'n gas 'da fi / gen i           	  -            I hate / loathe
	Roedd yn gas 'da fi / gen i      	  -            I hated / loathed

		Roedd yn gas 'da fi / gen i wisgo gwisg ysgol.
		- I hated wearing school uniform.

		Roedd yn gas 'da Tom / gan Tom Hanes.
		- Tom hated History.

	

		

RHAN 3

	1.	Here are the people who are associated with schools.

plentyn	-	child	disgybl(ion)	-	pupil(s)
plant	-	children	athro	-	male teacher
y prifathro	-	the headmaster	athrawes	-	female teacher
y brifathrawes	-	the headmistress	athrawon	-	teachers
y gofalwr	-	the caretaker	y glanhawyr	-	the cleaners

     2.		     Roeddwn i'n meddwl bod yr athrawon / y Prifathro ....
     - I thought the teachers / the Headmaster were / was....

	...yn garedig	-	kind	
	...yn gas                    -	nasty
	...yn gyfeillgar  	-	friendly	
	...yn flin	-	nasty
	...yn ddoniol	-	funny, amusing	
	...yn gefnogol	-	supportive
	...yn gydwybodol	-	conscientious	
	...yn weithgar	-	hard working

	3.	When 'cael' is followed by another verb noun it means 'to be allowed to'							

Doedden ni ddim yn cael gwisgo jins.
- We weren't allowed to wear jeans.

Dydw i ddim yn cael ysmygu yn y pwll nofio.
- I'm not allowed to smoke in the swimming pool.

Doedden ni ddim yn cael mynd ‰ beiciau i'r ysgol.
- We weren't allowed to take bikes to school.

	4.	Idiomau a dywediadau

	Arwyddair yr ysgol/coleg	-	the school/college motto

									
	5.	Diarhebion

	The following proverbs are often adopted as school/college mottos

				Gwell dysg na golud.
		- Learning is better than wealth.

		Gorau arf, arf dysg.
		- The best weapon is the weapon of learning.

		Nid byd, byd heb wybodaeth.
		- A world without knowledge is no world at all.

	Other proverbs are:

		Gorau athro, adfyd
		- Adversity is the best teacher.

		Adfyd a ddaw ‰ dysg yn ei law.
		- Adversity makes a man wise