GWERS 23

CYFLWYNYDD:    BASIL DAVIES

NOD:       Siarad ‰ phlentyn

	Geirfa

golchi	 -	to wash	brwsio	-	to brush
ymolchi	 -	to have a wash	cribo	-	to comb
cael	 -	to have	gwisgo	-	to get dressed/
					to put on
newid	 -	to change	tynnu	-	to take off/remove
rhoi	 -	to put/to give			   to pull
gorffen	 -	to finish	tacluso	-	to tidy
cwpla (D.C.)	 -	to finish	dodi heibio	-	to put away
diffodd	 -	to put out	glanhau	-	to clean
gwneud	 -	to do	darllen	-	to read
ysgrifennu	 -	to write	dysgu	-	to learn	
colli	 -	to lose	ffeindio	-	to find
trochi (D.C.)	 -	to dirty	dod o hyd i	-	to find
baeddu (G.C.) -	to dirty	gwlychu	-	to wet
bihafio	 -	to behave	brysio	-	to hurry

gwallt	 -	hair	dwylo	-	hands
wyneb	 -	face	dannedd	-	teeth
dillad	 -	clothes	crys	-	shirt
teganau	 -	toys	esgidiau	-	shoes
ystafell	 -	room	gwaith 	-	homework
traethawd	 -	essay			  cartref
menig	 - 	gloves	llanast	-	mess

RHAN 1

	1.	Wyt ti wedi...?	   -       Have you...?

	Wyt ti wedi golchi dy wallt?
	- Have you washed your hair?

	Wyt ti wedi bod i'r tß bach?
	- Have you been to the toilet?

										
	Wyt ti wedi gorffen tacluso dy ystafell?
	- Have you finished tidying your room?
										
	Wyt ti wedi brwsio dy ddannedd?
	- Have you brushed your teeth?

	Wyt ti wedi gorffen dy waith cartref?
	- Have you finished your homework?

	2.	The reply to questions such as those above is 

		Ydw		-	Yes (I have)
		Nac ydw	-	No (I haven't)

		3.	Notice that we use 'dy' to convey the singular 'your'.
It is followed by a Soft Mutation.

	gwallt    -   dy wallt                   dannedd   -   dy ddannedd
	dillad     -   dy ddillad               crys            -   dy grys
            teganau -   dy deganau	     pensil         -   dy bensil

	4.	Here are a number of phrases you could use:

	golchi dy wallt/ddwylo/wyneb	-	to wash your hair/hands/face
	cribo dy wallt			-	to comb your hair
	brwsio dy wallt/ddannedd	-	to brush your hair/teeth
	glanhau dy ddannedd/esgidiau	-	to clean your teeth/shoes
	newid dy grys/ddillad		-	to change your shirt/clothes
	tynnu dy got			-	to take off your coat
	gwisgo dy got			-	to put on your coat
	tacluso dy ystafell			-	to tidy your room
	cwpla (gorffen) tacluso/bwyta	-	to finish tidying/eating
	gorffen dy ginio			-	to finish your dinner
	diffodd y golau			-	to put out the light
	dodi dy deganau heibio		-	to put your toys away
	gwneud dy waith cartref		-	to do your homework
	darllen dy lyfr			-	to read your book
	ysgrifennu dy draethawd		-	to write your essay
	dysgu dy waith			-	to learn your work
	colli dy bensil/ben			-	to lose your pencil/pen
	ffeindio dy fag			-	to find your bag
	dod o hyd i dy ben			-	to find your pen
	trochi (baeddu) dy ddillad	-	to dirty your clothes
	gwlychu dy got			-	to get your coat wet
	wedi bod i'r tß bach		-	been to the toilet
										
RHAN 2

	1.	A singular, familiar (ti) command

		This is used to address one child.
		
		More often than not, a TI command ends in -a. 
            This ending is added to the stem of the verb.

		gwisgo	-	gwisga!	cofio		-	cofia!
		ymolchi	-	ymolcha!	dodi		-	doda!
		cribo		-	criba!		brysio	-	brysia!
		tacluso	-	taclusa!	bihafio	-	bihafia!

		     Criba dy wallt!		-	Comb your hair!
		     Golcha dy ddwylo!	-	Wash your hands!
		     Bihafia dy hunan!	-	Behave yourself!
		     Taclusa dy ystafell!	-	Tidy your room!

	2.	Notice how some verbs form the command by adding ia (not -a) to the     
		stem of the verb.
	
	             newid     -     newidia!
  
		     Newidia dy grys!	    -         Change your shirt!
		     Newidia dy 'sgidie!            -          Change yoyr shoes!

	3.	Some verbs have regular and irregular forms

		codi		-	coda!		or	cwyd!
		tynnu	-	tynna!	or	tynn!
		rhoi		-	rhoia!		or	rho!

		    Cwyd(Coda) - mae'n hwyr!	-	Get up - it's late!
		    Tynn (Tynna) dy ddillad!	-	Get undressed!
		    Rho (Rhoia) dy gap ar y peg!	-	Put your cap on the peg!

											
	4.	A few verbs are completely irregular

		dod		-	dere (D.C.)!		tyrd (G.C.)!
		mynd	-	cer!			dos (G.C.)!
		bod		-	bydd!

	Dere (Tyrd) 'ma!		-	Come here!
	Dere (Tyrd) ar unwaith!	-	Come at once!
	
	Cer (Dos) i'r gwely!		-	Go to bed!
	Cer (Dos) i chwarae!		-	Go and play!

	                  Bydd yn fachgen da!		-	Be a good boy!
	Bydd yn ferch dda!		-	Be a good girl!
	Bydd yn ofalus!			-	Be careful!

	5.	Let's put the above commands in context

		Mae'n amser mynd i'r gwely.  Doda dy deganau heibio!
		- It's time to go to bed. Put your toys away!

		Cer (Dos) i'r gwely nawr - mae'n mynd yn hwyr!
		- Go to bed now - it's getting late!

		Cofia fynd i'r tß bach cyn mynd i'r gwely!
 		- Remember to go to the toiletbefore going to bed!

		Cysga'n dawel, cariad!
		- Sleep peacefully, sweetheart / darling!

		Cwyd (Coda) nawr - mae'n amser mynd i'r ysgol!
		- Get up now - it's time to go to school!

		Gwisga ar unwaith - rwyt ti'n hwyr.
		- Get dressed at once - you're late!

		Gwisga dy fenig - mae'n oer allan!
		- Wear your gloves - it's cold out!

		Bydd yn ferch dda yn yr ysgol a gweithia'n galed!
		- Be a good girl in school and work hard!

										
											
		Bydd yn fachgen da yn y parti!  Rwyt ti'n fachgen mawr nawr.
		- Be a good boy in the party! You're a big boy now.

		Bydd yn ofalus wrth groesi'r ffordd.
		- Be careful when you cross (in crossing) the road!

	6.	After the command cofia! we can use another verb, which undergoes a 
            Soft Mutation

		Cofia brynu...		-	Remember to buy....
		Cofia fynd i'r tß bach.	-	Remember to go to the toilet.

RHAN 3

	1.	A negative 'ti' command

	We use 'Paid' in front of the verb-noun.

	Strictly speaking, 'Paid' is followed by the word '‰' which causes an 	Aspirate Mutation (c > ch; p > ph; t > th).
	
	poeri (to spit)		-	paid ‰ phoeri!
		tynnu (to pull)		-	paid ‰ thynnu fy ngwallt.
		cwyno (to complain)	-	paid ‰ chwyno!

	'‰' also becomes 'ag' in front of a vowel.

		eistedd (to sit)		-	paid ag eistedd!
		ateb yn ™l (to answer back) -	paid ag ateb yn ™l

	But in speech, more often than not, the word '‰' and the mutation it 	causes is disregarded.

		Paid bod yn haerllug!	-	Don't be cheeky!
		Paid bod yn ddrwg!	-	Don't be naughty!
		Paid trochi dy ddillad!	-	Don't dirty your clothes!
		Paid gwlychu!		-	Don't get wet!
		Paid sblasio dùr!		-	Don't splash water!
		Paid gadael dy ddillad	-	Don't leave your clothes
		   ar y llawr!				  on the floor!

											
		Paid gwastraffu bwyd!	-	Don't waste food!
		Paid sarnu dy fwyd!	-	Don't spill your food!

	2.	cymaint o     -     so much / such a...

		Paid gwneud cymaint	-	Don't make so much noise!
		  o sùn!
		Paid gwneud cymaint 	-	Don't make such a mess!
		  o lanast!				
		Paid cwympo (syrthio)!	-	Don't fall!

	3.	Learn also the way in which we instruct a 'ti'
		person to convey my regards to someone.

		Cofia fi at John.		-	Give my regards to John.
							(Remember me to John).
		Cofia fi ati hi.		-	Give her my regards.
							(Remember me to her).

	4.	Idiom

		Cer i grafu!			-	Go to hell!
							(lit.  Go and scratch!)